JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY (HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES)

浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)


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	JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY 2024 Vol.54 Number 4
	2024, Vol.54 Num.4
	Online: 2024-05-21

	Article

Article

	5	Sun Xuefen

		The Scientific Connotation and Value Implication of Xi Jinping’s Important Statement on National Financial Security ^Hot!
		Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi has delivered a series of important speeches addressing national financial security. These speeches have become integral to both Xi Jinping’s holistic view of national security and Xi Jinping’s economic thought. Xi Jinping’s important statements on national financial security have profound theoretical roots. They not only follow the financial theories of classical Marxist writers but also inherit the financial thoughts of Chinese Communists, achieving the Sinicization of Marxist financial theory.General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes that “financial security is an important component of national security. Safeguarding financial security is a strategic and fundamental issue that impacts the overall landscape of China’s economic and social development”. Also, He underscores that financial security is a critical foundation for the stable and healthy development of the economy. Preventing and resolving financial risks is a necessary step for achieving high-quality development. On the basis of clarifying the strategic positioning of national financial security, General Secretary Xi Jinping has laid out the strategic approach and important principles for safeguarding national financial security. He emphasizes the need to “stick to bottom-line thinking”, “strengthen the Party’s leadership over financial work”, “adhere to a systemic concept” and “follow the principles of marketization and rule of law”. In safeguarding national financial security, General Secretary Xi Jinping has not only outlined strategic approaches and important principles but has also provided profound elaboration at the methodological level. These have become important guidelines for maintaining national financial security in the new era and journey ahead. General Secretary Xi emphasizes the need to “take measures to address financial risk points”, “strengthen the national financial security defense” and “enhance the capacity of financial services to serve the real economy”. These outline the three major practical pathways for safeguarding national financial security. These three pathways progress from point to surface, from appearance to essence, and advance layer by layer, displaying rigorous internal unity and logical coherence.Xi Jinping’s crucial views on national financial security are logically rigorous, with interconnected and closely related basic viewpoints, forming a scientific theoretical system. Xi Jinping’s important statements on national financial security have profound contemporary relevance. Currently, with the deepening of economic and financial globalization, the financial structures of countries are becoming increasingly complex, and mutual financial connections are growing stronger. The influence of the U.S.-led international financial system is increasingly evident. For emerging market countries, financial security issues stem both from inherent instabilities within their own financial systems and from the negative spillover effects of Western financial capital. General Secretary Xi’s thoughts on national financial security have been shaped in light of the new characteristics of global economic and financial development. Xi Jinping’s important views on national financial security are distinctly people-oriented, practical, and scientific. They are grounded in Chinese practices and circumstances and address universally-concerned issues of financial security on the international stage. Deeply studying and understanding General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourses on national financial security, and continuously enriching and developing them, helps in accurately recognizing and grasping the overall state of national financial security in the new era and journey ahead. It further consolidates significant phased achievements in the battle to prevent and resolve financial risks, promotes high-quality development of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and thus provides important national financial security safeguards for the realization of overall national security and Chinese-style modernization in the new journey ahead.
		2024 Vol. 54 (4): 5-17 [Abstract] ( 156 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 781KB] ( 315 )

	18	Zheng Gang, Zhu Guhao, Mo Kang

		Institution-led Market Utilization, Dynamic Capabilities and Technology Catch-up ^Hot!
		Based on the strategic needs of the nation, the central government makes the use of resource-push and demand-pull approach to create institution-led market, aiming at accelerating the development of domestic industries. In recent years, institution-led market is becoming a vital measure of the government in emerging economies to drive industries thrive and achieve catch-up. Existing research lacks in-depth exploration of how latecomers within the institution-led market context to seize specific window of opportunities to realize technology catch-up. Based on the perspective of dynamic capabilities, this paper uses exploratory longitudinal single-case study approach to analyze the dynamic evolution process of Mindray from catching-up to leading-up from the period of 1991 to 2022. (1) At the stage of product catch-up, firm could make the use of dynamic capabilities containing weak equilibrium institution-led-market sensing, exploitatory innovation strategy capturing and organizational asset restructuring to promote product technology breakthrough and niche market leadership, leading to breakthroughs at the product level. (2) At the stage of platform catch-up, firm could make the use of dynamic capabilities containing resource institution-led-market sensing, exploratory innovation strategy capturing and organizational structure restructuring to promote product solution breakthrough and mainstream market leadership, leading to breakthroughs at the platform level. (3) At the stage of ecosystem catch-up, firm could make the use of dynamic capabilities containing demand institution-led-market sensing , dual form innovation strategy capturing and organizational process restructuring to promote commercial ecological breakthrough and overall market leadership, leading to breakthroughs at the ecosystem level.The practical significance of this paper lies in two aspects. On the one hand, this paper aims at providing a new analytical framework and practical reference for local latecomers to break through the “bottleneck” dilemma by taking the best advantage of China’s unique institutional and market advantages. Firms can take their resources endowment into consideration and restructure dynamic capabilities to capture opportunities of the environment in different stages of development. On the other hand, we also provide a reference for policy makers to build an institution-led market to pull local industries to achieve key core technology breakthroughs and gradually realize domestic substitution. Policy makers may go forward to build an innovation consortium triggered by institution-led market deliberately, and in the meantime keep institutional opening in order to promote the implementation of institution-led market and industrial development dynamically.The core theoretical contributions and innovation insights of this paper are reflected in three aspects First, we deconstructed institution-led-market context from the dimension of resource support and market creation, and then brought it into the dynamic capability theory framework. And by doing that we propose the process mechanism model of enterprises’ efficient use of institution-led-market window of opportunities to promote technology catch-up from the perspective of dynamic capability. Second, we summarize a new dynamic capability framework containing institution-led market sensing (equilibrium, resource and demand institution-led market sensing)-innovation strategy capturing (exploitation, exploration and dual strategic capturing)-organizational restructuring (asset, structure and process reconstruction). This framework reveals the micro-mechanism of how enterprises open the institution-led-market window of opportunities through dynamic capabilities. The dynamic capability theory is thus deepened. Finally, from the perspective of institution-led market utilization, we reveal the important role of government institutional arrangements in latecomers’ catch-up process, and proposes a new technology catch-up path of “product-platform-ecology”, contributing to the theoretical research in the field of latecomers’ catch-up under the unique Chinese context.
		2024 Vol. 54 (4): 18-36 [Abstract] ( 106 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1765KB] ( 503 )

	37	Wang Weian, Xie Zhubin, Chen Mengtao

		Local Government Debt, Land Use Efficiency and Housing Prices: Empirical Evidences Based on Panel Data from 255 Cities ^Hot!
		Over the past 20 years, the trend of real estate prices has shown complex and variable characteristics. Until before the COVID-19 pandemic, China’s real estate market had been in a state of “easy heat and difficult cooling”. Data from the National Bureau of Statistics show that by the end of 2020, the average selling price of commercial housing nationwide had reached 10,030 yuan per square meter, an increase of 323% compared with the price of 2,359 yuan per square meter at the end of 2003. The price increase in first-tier cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen has exceeded tenfold. Against this background, it is necessary for us to trace the changes in real estate prices and explore the specific mechanisms behind their formation.After the global financial crisis in 2008, many studies have proposed factors influencing the high real estate prices in China, such as speculative demand, social interaction, and financial liberalization. The mainstream literature focusing on the supply side mainly revolves around the relationship between local government debt and housing prices. However, most existing studies primarily investigate the impact of real estate prices on the scale of local government debt rather than the causal relationship between them. Even the studies that do examine this relationship only focus on the overall effect of local government debt on housing prices. Local government debt is the primary source of the fiscal revenue for local governments under the fiscal decentralization system. Studying only its overall effect on real estate prices without exploring the influence of urban characteristics on this mechanism makes it difficult to provide more practical policy recommendations. Moreover, real estate risk and local government debt risk are two sides of the same coin in China’s systemic risks, representing the central axis of financial and fiscal linkage risks. Therefore, further tracing the correlation between the two and clarifying their mechanisms is essential to meet the requirements of the “guarding against systemic risks” in the 20th National Congress report.This article takes the land channel as a framework to delve into the mechanism by which local government debt affects housing prices and the moderating effect of land use efficiency on this mechanism. We construct a three-sector equilibrium model involving households, real estate developers, and governments. We decompose the positive effect of local government debt on housing prices into direct and indirect effects and infer that land use efficiency can weaken the positive stimulation of local government debt on housing prices through indirect effects. Additionally, we test these two inferences using panel data from 255 cities from 2011 to 2019, where land use efficiency is calculated using the Super-SBM DEA model with unexpected output. To mitigate endogeneity and reverse causality problems, we employ 2SLS and SYS-GMM models for testing. Furthermore, we find that in cities with low levels of digital economy and high dependence on land finance, the positive stimulation of local government debt on housing prices is more significant, and the negative moderating effect of land use efficiency on this stimulation is stronger. These conclusions provide theoretical and empirical support for accelerating the replacement of local government debt, improving land use efficiency according to local conditions, and preventing and resolving real estate risks in China.
		2024 Vol. 54 (4): 37-54 [Abstract] ( 169 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1054KB] ( 263 )

	55	Nan Ri

		An Empirical Study of the Promotion of Happiness by Anti-graft from the Perspective of Policy Framework ^Hot!
		The research focuses on the frame effect and confirms the influence of anti-graft on happiness and its internal mechanism through two experiments. Our research confirms that, compared with anti-corruption framework, the influence of integrity framework on happiness is more positive, and this conclusion is highly stable when we use different experimental manipulation methods (such as field experiment and platform questionnaire), different situational materials (college or workplace), and different subjects (college students or social men). This reminds us that in the process of increasing our efforts to fight corruption, we should not be limited to focusing on the anti-corruption warning records such as hunting, loyalty and betrayal, but also to deploy the standard Party Central Committee to advocate integrity, extend the scope of the construction of a clean culture, and do a good job of advocating integrity. The psychological mechanism behind this influence is that the frame effect helps the trustor who receives the anti-graft information to verify the trustee’s perception of interest representation. In addition, we found that after receiving the anti-graft message, individuals verified the role of symbolic representation through other channels (such as power distance), and their experience of happiness changed. This conclusion reaffirms the critical mediating role of symbolic representation. Meanwhile, the indirect effect of anti-graft on happiness through symbolic representation is moderated by power distance orientation. The role of symbolic representatives mediates the relationships between anti-graft and happiness when the power distance orientation of individuals is much higher.Compared with existing researches, we put forward several innovative arguments. Firstly, starting from the frame effect, we try to expand the application field of characteristic framework and explore the relationship between policy framework and happiness. Most of the previous researches on framing effect focused on psychology. This paper tries to expand the research field of framing effect and discusses the influence of positive and negative attribute information titers on happiness. Taking the policy framework as the main line and introducing the two-dimensional structure of anti-corruption and advocating integrity, this paper puts forward a new research perspective to explain the heterogeneity of policy preferences under the condition of individual psychological perception. At the same time, in order to adhere to the broad and subtle, the construction of a better chain of happiness causal relationship awakens the concept of interdisciplinary research. Secondly, happiness is the subjective psychological experience that people pursue forever. Literature search shows that happiness research has a long history. However, we are the first to demonstrate the influence of anti-corruption and integrity on happiness and its internal mechanism by means of experimental research from the perspective of subjective psychological experience. Thirdly, this paper innovatively introduces symbolic representation, which is regarded as an internal factor from the perspective of social psychology of policy, and holds that symbolic representation eliminates the doubts of individuals on the representation of interests of bureaucrats and causes positive effects of policy framework. Most of the previous studies focused on the gender and race of symbolic representation, but this paper tries to expand and deepen the research in this field. Finally, in the process of examining the relationship between power distance orientation and symbolic representation, this paper finds that individual power distance orientation and the degree of matching of representative interests of bureaucrats are important reasons that affect the level of individual psychological well-being. This conclusion provides a new explanatory perspective for interpreting the influence mechanism of individual happiness in the context of policy framework.
		2024 Vol. 54 (4): 55-69 [Abstract] ( 85 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1235KB] ( 251 )

	70	Zou Yinuo, Wu Cifang, Gu Wei

		Cognition and Approach of Territorial Spatial Planning Inspired by the “Mind Is Principle” Perspective ^Hot!
		As the society and economy develop, human beings have gradually stepped into an era dominated by spiritual needs, and their demand for environmental and spatial quality is constantly rising. Consequently, to better satisfy people’s spiritual needs, a shift is to be carried out in the territorial spatial planning from “material planning” to “human-oriented planning”. This study reviews the development of territorial spatial planning by using literature analysis and deduction and induction, summarizes the development and drawbacks of traditional material spatial planning in China since the reform and opening up, analyzes the significance of spiritual needs, and then reveals the inevitability of the shift from “material planning” to “human-oriented planning”. Taking the spiritual needs of people’s aspirations for a better life as an entry point, the study explores the coupling mechanism between “Mind is Principle” and territorial spatial planning and determine the planning approach, so as to make up for the structural deficiencies of the current territorial spatial planning.“Mind is Principle” emphasizes the influence of subject spirit on everything in the universe and highly appreciates the spiritual value of human beings. The territorial spatial planning under the guidance of “Mind is Principle” takes the spiritual space as the carrier, shapes the spiritual variables into a continuous spectrum of happiness, and finally realizes an ideal and poetic dwelling which is more in line with the value orientation of territorial spatial planning in the era of ecological civilization. In accordance with the theoretical framework of “connotation-cognition-approach”, the study starts from the realistic dilemma of territorial spatial planning to support the spiritual needs of human beings, takes the idea of “Mind is Principle” as the value orientation, and aims at the growing spiritual needs of human beings in the era of ecological civilization. It constructs a theoretical framework for territorial spatial planning under the orientation of “Mind is Principle” and selects actual cases to explore feasible approaches to enhance human well-being and create an ideal and poetic dwelling under this value orientation. The “Mind is Principle” space consists of spiritual space, social space and material space, of which spiritual space is the key object of territorial spatial planning under the orientation of “Mind is Principle”. In addition, the spiritual variables and the objective well-being together constitute a continuous happiness spectrum, which is the basis for constructing a poetic dwelling. Spiritual space consists of emotional space, happy space and poetic dwelling space. Emotional space emphasizes the creation of emotional media facilities, all-age friendly space and resilient emotional facilities; happy space can be divided into happy streets and immersive space, etc.; and poetic dwelling space highlights the innovation of culture and righteousness, the construction of nostalgic homes and the shaping of spatial aesthetics.The human subjective spirit is an important variable in future territorial spatial planning. In answering the question of “how to embody humanistic care and pay attention to spiritual needs in territorial spatial planning”, this study, by deconstructing the spiritual space and theoretically exploring the spatial philosophy of “Mind is Principle”, offers a preliminary knowledge of the coupling mechanism between “Mind is Principle” and territorial spatial planning, and contributes a Chinese proposal to enrich the world’s theoretical system of territorial spatial planning.
		2024 Vol. 54 (4): 70-85 [Abstract] ( 152 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2900KB] ( 323 )

	86	Wang Yating, Zhang Huiyu

		On the Evolution of Language Rights in Chinese Laws and Regulations from 1949 to 2022 ^Hot!
		Language rights protection has always been a priority for the Chinese government since its establishment in 1949. Some scholars have already paid attention to language rights in Chinese laws, focusing on several major legal documents like the Constitution, the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy, the Civil Procedure Law, the Criminal Procedure Law, the Administrative Procedure Law and the Law on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language. However, few studies make diachronic analyses of the change in language rights in legal documents since 1949. To fill this gap, this research collects all the articles about language rights in Chinese laws and regulations from 1949 to 2022. Based on the collected data, the evolution of language rights protection in China is divided into four periods: the initial period (1949-1977), the developing period (1978-1996), the improved period (1997-2017), and the mature period (2018). It is found there are that language rights distributed in 11 fields: the organ of the state, justice, ethnic affairs, culture and tourism, intellectual publishing, education, broadcasting, infrastructure, commerce and trade, health care and protection for disadvantaged groups.The detailed information about the four periods is as follows. First, the awareness of language rights emerged during the initial period, but the relevant articles were not comprehensive, only focusing on language rights in basic fields like the fields of justice and ethnic affairs. Second, in the developing period, the protection of language rights was expanded to the fields of education, intellectual publishing and protection for disadvantaged groups. Third, during the improved period and mature period, language rights protection covered more fields including the fields of broadcasting, infrastructure construction, business and trade, as well as health care. The improvement of language rights protection in the basic fields has promoted its expansion to other fields.Based on the development of the four phases, language rights protection in China mainly presents two features. First, it has expanded from basic fields to other fields. In the initial period, the protection of language rights mainly concentrated on three fields, namely the fields of justice, ethnic affairs and culture and tourism. By 2022, it covered 11 fields in total. Second, the focus on the language rights protection has shifted in the direction of “language use–language learning–language communication”. In the early years of the founding of the People’s Republic, the priority of language rights protection was language use. The legal documents explicitly stipulated the equal status of the languages of ethnic minority groups and guaranteed the use of these languages. Later in 1982, the Constitution was amended to include the promotion of Putonghua, which promoted Putonghua learning. Thus, language learning became part of language rights protection. Last, since 2000, international communication and the dissemination of Chinese have received precedence over others, contributing to the focus on language communication.As to the development in each field, the main fields of concern in the language rights protection are the fields of justice, ethnic affairs, intellectual publishing and protection for disadvantaged groups. It is found that in each field, language rights protection typically starts with language use, and then in the later stages, it becomes more specific, focusing not only on the norms of relevant professionals and texts at the micro level but also on adjusting existing provisions according to practical circumstances and expanding the scope of attention to different groups.With the above findings, this study shows the basic situation and development of language rights protection in China since 1949 and the characteristics within the fields it covers. It presents the condition of language rights protection in a more objective and comprehensive way, shedding light on future work. In addition, the diachronic analyses disclose the close relationship between language rights protection and social changes, further proving the dynamic nature of language rights and emphasizing that language rights protection should advance with the times.
		2024 Vol. 54 (4): 86-99 [Abstract] ( 140 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 864KB] ( 378 )

	100	Wu Huixin, Wang Yunlu

		An Examination of “Zuoru” in Fayan ^Hot!
		The Fayan was authored by Yang Xiong, a renowned scholar of the Han Dynasty. The term “zuoru” (捽茹) in the text has been subject to diverse interpretations by scholars of earlier periods, and a definitive conclusion has yet to be reached. Upon reviewing the perspectives of previous scholars, it is evident that the root cause of the disagreement lies in the lack of harmony between the combination of “zuo” (捽) and “ru” (茹) at the lexical level. Consequently, scholars during the Qing Dynasty commenced speculating that the character 捽 in the word was a Tongjia character.The original definition of “zuo” is to grasp and pull someone’s hair. In the context of lexical evolution, the term “zuo” has the potential to evolve towards a generalized meaning of “to pull out, to grasp and hold”. Nevertheless, an examination of the literature from the Pre-Qin and Han Periods indicates a limited generalization of the meaning of “zuo”. There is only one instance in The History of the Han Dynasty where the act of “zuo” is not targeted towards a specific body part. This situation has persisted without change even in subsequent periods. The term “ru” has the capacity to function as both a noun and a verb. Hence, there are two perspectives regarding the structure of “zuoru”: the verb-object structure and the parallel structure.“Zuoru” is an allusion word. According to the traditional perspective, “danpiao” (箪瓢) and “zuoru” are believed to have originated from the same allusion to the deeds of Yan Yuan as documented in the Analects of Confucius. In this paper, a new perspective is proposed: “danpiao zuoru” (箪瓢捽茹) is actually comprised of two allusions, with danpiao originating from The Analects of Confucius, and “zuoru” from The Works of Mencius. The term “zuoru” serves as an alternative expression for “rucao” (茹草). This observation can be illustrated by analyzing the ideological content present in the text of Fayan. The primary theme of this passage in Fayan is the unwavering moral character of Yan Yuan, who remained steadfast in his convictions regardless of his financial status. Yan Yuan led a life of destitution, yet he was perceived to possess the same virtues as Shun. The two men are frequently compared by people.The transformation of “rucao” into “zuoru” is a crucial link. There is only one instance documented in the literature of the Qin and Han Dynasties where the target of the “zuo” action is not the human body, but rather the weeds. The minor distinction lies in the fact that the “cao” (草) mentioned in The Works of Mencius refers to wild and edible vegetation. The term “rucao” refers to the act of consuming wild vegetables, while “zuoru” denotes the action of gathering and consuming wild vegetables. Essentially, the two terms have the same meaning. The term “ru” typically denotes cultivated vegetables, while “zuo” conveys the idea of “grass”. Therefore, “zuoru” specifically denotes the gathering of wild vegetables, as opposed to cultivated ones. The brilliance of Yang Xiong’s use of words is evident in this context.This paper also examines the use of “zuoru” as an allusion word in subsequent generations. Based on the literature, it appears that this term has not been used for nearly a millennium. The use of this word by literati began in the Song Dynasty, coinciding with the increased value placed on Fayan. Sima Guang, a renowned scholar of the Northern Song Dynasty, expressed great admiration for Yang Xiong and undertook the compilation of a book titled Fayan Jizhu (法言集注).By examining the historical trajectory of the emergence and decline of the allusion word “zuoru”, three primary insights are gleaned. Firstly, the allusion word is intricately linked to literature, and its impact has fluctuated across different periods. The heightened influence of literature serves as a significant external catalyst in the development of allusion words. Secondly, a crucial internal factor that influences the popularity of words is rooted in the language itself, specifically in the clarity of semantic meaning. Ambiguity in semantic meaning and lack of clarity in structure can have a detrimental impact on the use and reception of allusive language. Furthermore, the investigation of the historical development of the Chinese language encompasses the analysis of the origins and obsolescence of lexical items. This task encompasses not only ascertaining the time of their inception and discontinuation, but also comprehending the factors contributing to their establishment and wane.
		2024 Vol. 54 (4): 100-108 [Abstract] ( 72 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1433KB] ( 449 )

	109	Yue Xiaofeng

		The Examination of the Lexicon Value of Combined Evidences of Texts, Documents and Cultural Relics: The Name of the Flat Pot and Its Homologous Relationship as an Example ^Hot!
		Among the bronzes unearthed from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, there is a special pot-shaped vessel. Although the shapes are different, the common feature is that the vessels are oblate or oblate square. Some flat pots also have their own names of “鈚” or “錍”. The two words are the names of flat pots. They are not only phonetically related, but also related to the flat shape of the pot. The reason why this type of copper flat kettle is named “鈚” or “錍” is because of its flat and thin shape. There is a trace of naming based on shape between the shape of the utensil and its own name.By the Han Dynasty, flat pots were often named with “榼” instead of “鈚” and “錍”. In addition, there are wine vessels named “椑” in the documents handed down from the Han Dynasty, but this has not yet been seen in the name of a flat pot. Although the “椑” type pot is obviously characterized by its low body, the flatness of its front and back abdomen is still an important feature. It should be named after the latter like “錍”. Therefore, “椑” is also the same as “錍”, which is why the utensils are named because of their flat and thin bodies. At the same time, among the flat kettles of the Han Dynasty, there were some pots which are named “bian”. For example, the Zhaotai Palace copper flat kettle in the Western Han Dynasty has an inscription that reads “Zhaotai Palace Copper Flat” (昭台宫铜扁), so it calls itself “tongbian”. It can be seen that the pronunciation of the word “扁” is not a “name without a solid name”, but a convention. Like “鈚”, “錍”and “椑”, it is related to the flat and thin shape of the utensil.Finally, although the examples of the word “扁” meaning “flat thin” in documents appeared relatively late, combined with archaeological discoveries, the copper flat kettles of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods were named “錍” and “鈚”, which indicate the concept of a flat and thin object. It can be seen that although the literatures are insufficient, based on the shape of the flat pot and its name, it can be seen that the meaning of “flat and thin” has not only appeared long ago but is also relatively common. Combining the phonetic and semantic connections of “錍”, “鈚”and “扁”, it can be further determined that they are homologous.The combined evidence of words, documents and cultural relics is of great significance to vocabulary research. Especially when the documents are insufficient, the value of words and cultural relics is particularly precious. The teapot was an important wine-holding vessel in ancient times. As for the relationship between the flat pot’s self-naming and the shape of the vessel, the existing research focuses on the shape of the vessel and the textual interpretation of the self-name. However, there has not yet been a more in-depth discussion on the relationship between the name of the flat pot and the shape of the vessel, the phonetic semantics and homology of different names. This article aims at systematically demonstrating the connection between the name of the flat pot and its thin shape from the perspective of the combination of words, documents and cultural relics, and then further exploring the homologous relationship of similar pronunciation and semantics between the words with the meaning of flat and thin such as “鈚”, “錍”，“椑” and “扁” etc.Therefore, this method of assigning names to objects based on their shapes requires sufficient attention. It also shows that the combination of words, documents, and cultural relics is of great significance in the study of vocabulary, especially the exploration of the sound-meaning relationships between different words.
		2024 Vol. 54 (4): 109-118 [Abstract] ( 71 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 14695KB] ( 367 )

	119	Liu Zehua, Peng Guozhong

		Confronting Anxiety: Consciousness and Evolution of the Identity Concept of Ci Writers ^Hot!
		The study of author’s identity is an important dimension of literary research. In the field of Ci, most scholars focus on the objective identity phenomenon of lyricists, using it as an opportunity to discuss how authors write. However, there is a scarcity of discussion on the concept of the identity of Ci Writers.Ci has been detached from the Confucian value of being the Big Other since its inception, which has also led to the constant anxiety of deviation when literati participate in the creation of Ci. During the Tang and Northern Song Dynasties, being skilled in writing Ci was often not considered something to boast about, and the content of the Ci was not considered to be related to the author’s own sentiments. The self-awareness and evolution of the identity concept of Ci Writers imply a process of the anxiety brought about by the lyricist’s resistance to the Confucian values of being the Big Other.Attaining an exclusive title signifies the lyricist’s self-awareness of their identity. Prior to the emergence of Ci, Ci Writers (Ciren) often referred to individuals skilled in literary expressions or authors of Ci Fu, frequently finding themselves excluded from the Confucian value system. During the Southern Song Dynasty, lyricists acquired a heightened self-awareness of their identity and formally adopted “Ci Writers” as a specialized title. The meaning of Ci Writers includes a pre-understanding of their identity: deviating from orthodoxy, carrying identity anxiety, and holding the potential for upward mobility.During the Northern Song Dynasty, lyricists held a dual identity of literati and Ci Writers, yet they lacked conscious awareness of the identity of Ci Writers, and failed to develop a concept of compatibility with this dual identity. In contrast to the Northern Song Dynasty, the status of literati in the later period of the Southern Song Dynasty was relatively diminished. They wandered on the edge of Confucian values, without the weighty burden of Confucianism. Consequently, they confronted both their professional literati roles and the identity of Ci Writers, evolving an identity pattern of “Ci Writers-Literati”. It can be said that the transformation of the identity of literary authors in the Southern Song Dynasty from literati to professional literati was the motivation for the conscious acquisition of their identity as Ci Writers. It did not imply the elimination of anxiety but rather a compromise with reality prompted by the modesty of their own identity during moments of anxiety.To overcome the anxiety of identity imposed by Confucianism on the author, inclusion in the Confucian literary genre based on the principle of “expressing one’s will” becomes imperative. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the content of Ci was often considered unrelated to the author’s genuine emotions, leading to its exclusion from the Confucian poetic tradition of “expressing one’s will”. Only during the Ming Dynasty did the concept of “Ci as its author” become self-evident, transforming Ci into a genre capable of articulating one’s “will”. This transformation served as a prerequisite for entering the Confucian literary genre, ultimately leading to the elimination of identity anxiety.As the academic atmosphere of the Qing Dynasty shifted towards positivism, scholars who studied Confucian classics (jingsheng) participated in the creation of Ci. The identity consciousness of Changzhou scholars as “literati-jingsheng” transitioned into the study of Ci, establishing the identity pattern and concept of “Ci Writers-scholars”. This allowed them to express their academic thoughts through Ci. The identity of Ci Writers, as an extension of their academic identity, became mutually supportive, facilitating the complete elimination of identity anxiety imposed by Confucianism.The formation of the identity concept led scholars, who were most deeply influenced by Confucianism, to participate in the creation of Ci, thereby causing the academic transformation of Ci and contributing to the maturation of Ci as a discipline of study in the Qing Dynasty. For these scholars, the study of Ci encompassed both self (viewing themselves as authors) and others (considering Ci as the object of study). This identity concept has also endured in modern Ci studies due to its closed and inherited nature, evolving into a collective unconsciousness that significantly influences the development of Ci studies.
		2024 Vol. 54 (4): 119-131 [Abstract] ( 72 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1331KB] ( 343 )

	132	Song Ziqiao

		Regret for Flowery Expressions: The Self-repentance Mentality and Literary Activities of Literati in the Ming Dynasty ^Hot!
		The self-repentance phenomenon of literati in the Ming Dynasty was very common. In the literary history of the Ming Dynasty, a large number of important literati, such as Sung Lian, Fang Xiaoru, Wang Shouren, Xu Zhenqing, Wang Shenzhong, Wang Shizhen, and Yuan Hongdao experienced repentance at different stages of literary creation. Studying the causes and consequences of their self-repentance, we can analyze their psychology of creation, go deep into the creation scene of the Ming Dynasty literature, and explore the literati’s literary fashion and identity consciousness in the Ming Dynasty society, which can enrich our understanding of the details of the evolution of the Ming Dynasty literature history. The self-repentance of literati in the Ming Dynasty had multiple factors. The most common situation was that literati, as they grew older and accumulated long-term education and aesthetic shaping, examined their old works with a more rigorous perspective, leading to a regretful attitude. Some literati, under the expectation of passing down their works, inevitably placed their hopes on improving the literary quality of their works. Aesthetic self-expectations could cause internal anxiety when reviewing works, leading to a sense of regret and shame. In addition, influenced by Neo Confucianism, the study of mind and Buddhist thought had led to fundamental doubts about the value of the Wen, resulting in a belief in valuing the Tao over the Wen.The performance of the literati in the Ming Dynasty after self-repentance was completely different. They would reveal their regretful mentality in their creations through ceremonial and symbolic actions. Firstly, the most common transformation was the elimination of old works, reflecting an inherent pursuit of literary value. Secondly, literati would change their style, indicating the change of personal literary orientation. Some literati expressed their repentant attitude by abandoning writing, burning old manuscripts, and transforming cultural identities. The self-repentance of literati in the Ming Dynasty often occurred in the interaction between individuals and groups. This behavior not only foreshadowed a turning point in individual creation, but also marked a change in the style of the literary community. The self-repentance of the literati in the Ming Dynasty not only marked a change in personal style, but it was also related to the literary trends of the scholarly community. Some literati expressed their identification with the literary community through self-regret, thus entering the literary community. For example, Xu Zhenqing regretted his old works during the imperial examination and joined the He and Li camps, thereby strengthening the momentum of the first retro movement in the Ming Dynasty. Some Ming Dynasty literati also expressed their regret and abandonment of their past creations through self-regret during the creative process, which led to the decline of the influence of the literary community. The transformation of literati after self-repentance may also give rise to new schools of thought and build a new literary community centered on themselves.Analyzing the self-repentance behavior of literati of the Ming Dynasty can be used to observe issues such as the relationship between Wen and Tao and identity consciousness in the social trends of the Ming Dynasty. The regretful behavior of the literati in the Ming Dynasty reflects an inherent ideological tendency of valuing morality over literature. The Wen they regretted refers to the narrow sense of diction, because most Ming Dynasty literati who regretted themselves did not question the fundamental value of the Wen.
		2024 Vol. 54 (4): 132-144 [Abstract] ( 79 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1265KB] ( 404 )

	145	Teng Lin, Yang Yuxin, Zhang Yuyang, Nathan Thomas, Lawrence Jun Zhang

		Self-regulated Learning in Second Language Education: A Synthesized Method of Bibliometrics and Scoping Review ^Hot!
		The present study conducted a synthesized review of the literature on SRL in L2 settings over the past two decades. Drawing upon the Web of Science Core Collection database, this study initially employed bibliometrics to conduct a visualization analysis of 195 research papers on SRL in L2 contexts from 2005 to 2023. This analysis systematically examined the publication trends, research hotspots, and core authors. Then, using a scoping review approach, this study scrutinized 63 core empirical articles to further explore theoretical frameworks, research contexts, research scopes, and methodologies. The key findings are summarized as follows: (1) Research on SRL in L2 settings has developed into an essential topic with prolific studies on a range of themes; (2) Theoretical challenges arise from the ambiguous definition of SRL and terminological inconsistencies. The preponderance of sociocognitive theory in the literature restricts a multifaceted examination of SRL in L2 settings; (3) Most studies focus on tertiary-level participants, neglecting learners from diverse cultural backgrounds and age groups; (4) The bulk of empirical research focuses on L2 writing, with limited exploration of other language skills like reading, vocabulary, listening, and speaking among others; (5) Cross-sectional design is widely used with quantitative methods for data collection, while experimental or longitudinal studies are in urgent need. Recommendations for future studies are proposed, including extending theoretical frameworks to encompass sociocultural theory, language ecology, or complex dynamic systems theory， with a hope in broadening the research topics, such as exploring SRL of L2 across various linguistic proficiencies and sociocultural/educational backgrounds, or conducting longitudinal studies using various research methods to trace the development of SRL.
		2024 Vol. 54 (4): 145-160 [Abstract] ( 538 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2056KB] ( 320 )

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