The term 'Chinese classics' appears frequently in modern literature,but few dictionaries have included it as an entry.In the academic world,'Chinese classics' is usually used to refer to classics of China,but this term is not what it has always been in history.In the Chinese context,'Chinese classics' first appeared in Yang Xiong's  Fangyan .For more than one thousand years after that,from the Wei and Jin dynasties through Sui,Tang,Song,Yuan,Ming to the Qing dynasty,the term meant 'the classics of Han dynasty'.In the Japanese context,when used in comparison to 'Japanese classics','Chinese classics' refers to Chinese books|when used in comparison to 'washo (Japanese books)',it refers to classics written in Chinese|and when used in comparison to 'Buddhist books',it refers to Confucian classics.In modern Chinese,'Chinese classics' has inherited its traditional senses from the Chinese language and absorbed new senses from Japanese as well.The coinage 'Chinese classics' not only refers to the traditional history,philosophy and literature of Confucian classics,but also contains Sutra,Buddhist books,books copied on silk,bamboo or wooden slips,inscriptions,and hymn texts written on pictures.Nowadays,in their study on 'Overseas Chinese classics',researchers have come up with their own definitions,some of which are rather casual,resulting in confusion in the understanding of 'Chinese classics'.If 'Chinese classics' are the crystallization of Chinese civilization,'Overseas Chinese classics' should be defined as books written in Chinese but published outside China,which reflect the wisdom of overseas Chinese and that of foreigners as well.They are cultural innovations inspired by Chinese civilization,and form a unique East Asian civilization landscape characterized as 'harmony without sameness'.

Ranked among 'the best three travelogues' in world literature,Japanese monk Ennin's work  The Record of a Pilgrimage to China in Search of the Law  was completed in 847,or the 14th year of Seung Toowa.About 220 years later,in the fifth year of Xi'ning period of the Song Dynasty (1072),the book was brought to China by Jojin,Ennin's offspring,and was directly presented to the Song court.This was the prelude to the spread of the book in China.Jojin gave a detailed description of this in his diary  The Record of a Pilgrimage to the Tiantai and Wutai Mountains .Since the title  The Record of a Pilgrimage to China in Search of the Law  had never appeared in previous literature,Jojin's diary was probably the earliest record of the book.The original text of  The Record of a Pilgrimage to China in Search of the Law  was lost,and the old manuscript,copied by Kanetane in 1291 and stored in the Wisdom-seeing Room of the East Temple of Japan,is the earliest and the only existing record in Japan,while its Chinese version introduced by Jojin is the earliest manuscript recorded in history.

In the Medieval era,some new Chinese words and phrases were introduced to Japan.However,the majority of them changed their connotations in the new context.This is manifested in  Syotosyū (初渡集),the diary of a Japanese monk Sakugen Shūryō (策彦周良) while he was traveling in Ming China in the 16th century as an tributary envoy of Japanese Court.Although words like 'dongpo（东坡）','dingding（丁丁）','lulling （庐陵）','yanjing（烟景）','yizhi（一指）' and 'maichen（买臣）' in  Syotosyū all originated from Ming China,they greatly changed their meanings  and usages in Medieval Japan.There are two main reasons for the changes.Firstly,the Japanese intelligentsia brought new understandings to the Chinese words and phrases.Secondly,the original cultural connotation was abandoned or replaced in a different cultural context by new images and intuition.This is a new model of inheritance and innovation of Chinese words overseas.

Based on such theories as ″the logic of membership″ and ″the logic of influence″, as well as ″market-support″ and ″market-complementation″, this paper discusses six basic factors in upgrading industry associations their internal roles of ″planning and development″, ″design, research and development″, ″brand innovation″, and ″marketing and sales″, and their external roles of ″exchange and cooperation″ and ″cooperation with government″. A comparative multi-case study reveals that there exist different types as far as the roles of industry associations in industrial upgrading are concerned. The paper also puts forward an interaction mechanism of the roles of industry associations in industrial upgrading: the strengths of an industry association determine its capability of utilizing internal and external resources, which are in turn affected and constrained by the industrial type and/or status as well as the government and/or other external agencies. On the other hand, its capacity of utilizing resources and the quantity of its internal and external resources determine its competence and strengths in industrial upgrading.

The characteristics of post-totalitarianism in the state-society relations result in that the government not only encourages industrial associations' development but also endows them with broad public functions of industrial governance. Whether the relations between government and industrial associations are clarified has a critical bearing on the willingness, ability and effect of performing public functions to industrial associations in Hangzhou and Wenzhou.It mainly results from the ill-defined relations between government and industrial associations. The transformation of functions from government to industrial associations should be based on the reasonable divisions of the public functions of industrial governance between government and industrial associations. Drawing on external experiences, a consideration can be adopted to create regional Chambers of Commerce and endow them with the status of public corporations, or to put industrial associations' status as independent corporations into effect, and at the same time, to constitute and perfect the institution of government purchasing services from industrial associations.

Based on the theory of ″triangle of change″ on interdisciplinary research advanced by Diana Rhoten and combined with the analysis of cases of interdisciplinary research at American universities, this study focuses on the exploration of the ″systemic implementation″ acting as the core of university governance structure. This study concludes that a highly-productive, and highly-efficient interdisciplinary research system has the following characteristics: first and foremost, it should gain the strong support and motivation from the central management system of the university; secondly, it should build up a well-functioning rectangular management structure within traditional academic organizations such as colleges or departments; thirdly, it should establish an internal dynamic organization system characterized not only by the production of knowledge with the integration of discipline paradigms and team collaboration but also by network service management. Moreover, the implementation of interdisciplinary research system should also generate sustainable driving forces of development, cultivate an internal environment constituted with disciplinary ecological environment, institutional environment and cultural environment, and construct an external environment with continuous supplies of funds and professional instructions. The above conclusion may provide helpful inspiration and enlightenment for the interdisciplinary research at universities in China.

In the context of increasing support for interdisciplinary education and research, the development of interdisciplinary academic organizations in China's universities will become a breakthrough in the higher education system reform. In fact, China's universities as a whole are currently in the primary transitional stage from the mode of independent discipline to the mode of disciplinary convergence. Some research-oriented and comprehensive universities are changing the mode of their academic organizations from pyramid single discipline to matrix interdiscipline. In the meantime, the longstanding historical maladies in the management system and operation mechanism in those organizations have become structural obstacles for the development of interdisciplinary education and research in China's universities. Therefore, we should design effective transformative strategies for the development of interdisciplinary academic organizations in the universities of our country from the following five perspectives-interdisciplinary strategy, talents training mode, innovation in input mechanism, perfection of the assessment system, and construction of social network.

According to the view of Mazumdar (1996), as long as trade can improve the relative profitability of export goods, production function will expand. The net imports of capital goods and the net export of consumption goods will lead to the decline of depreciation. Both of these two factors will promote the rise of capital accumulation. Empirical results show that whether the trade structure can bring about increases of investment rate depends on the efficiency of the financial market. Those factors such as lower rate of savings-investment conversion, stronger banking system monopoly power, and higher operating costs weakened the positive effect of capital goods import on capital accumulation.

Excludability is labeled as one of the technical characteristics of quasi-public goods and its exclusive mechanism design depends on the essential attribute of quasi-public goods, or its social attribute，which requires the exclusive mechanism design to agree with the goals of inclusive growth and the equalization of basic public services. The reconstruction of exclusive mechanism should be based on the strength of public nature and excludability of quasi-public goods. It should be based on the effect of inequality on personal utility, on economic growth and social stability in the process of sharing this kind of goods. Therefore，various exclusive mechanisms can be devised according to the two standards above. Furthermore, the original non-balanced development strategies should be abandoned so as to optimize the structure of fiscal expenditure.

Since the reforms and the implementation of the open door policy in 1978, industrialization and urbanization has greatly contributed to the rapid economic development in China. A continuously high rate of economic growth has resulted in vast increases in GDP and a sharp upward trend in per capita income over the period from 1978 to the present. Despite a nearly tenfold increase in per capita income across all provinces over the last three decades, regional disparities have evidently increased since the reforms. The collected data shows that the income disparities in China mainly demonstrate themselves as interregional disparities instead of intraregional disparities. The rapid urbanization in China has led to farmers losing land, resulting in new types of urban and rural poverty. Around many big cities in China, people can see the metropolitan city life coexisting with poor county life. However, Zhejiang province has been maintaining a good balanced development within its region by relying on the booming private sector and the integral/concrete urbanization, and the regional disparities and rural-urban inequality have been successfully controlled and effectively eliminated. Welfare and economic development have been traditional alternatives for the elimination of the regional disparities. Specifically, inter-regional and intra-regional integration is important for reducing regional disparities and pursuing income equality. As far as China is concerned, the central government should take more responsibilities to improve the social security rights for citizens, while the local governments should spend more efforts in stimulating the local development. The successful experiences in Zhejiang and Jiangsu have demonstrated that the development of the private sector is the best measure in tackling the issues of regional imbalanced development. In combination with a more perfect regional market system, urbanization and rural-urban integration, we will be able to gradually reduce and restrain regional disparities and income disparities.

There are two reasons why the regional economic integration of the Yangtze River Delta has been so fast. One is the location advantage, and the other is the favorable institutional environment. The economic integration of this region derived its vitality from distinctive modes of local development as well as the impetus from both market and government, and its primary process is the optimization of resource allocation. In spite of the interregional division of labor and close cooperation in the Delta, its economic integration is still impeded by some bottleneck. The paper points out that the future of Yangtze River Delta depends on institutional innovation in regional interaction, distribution of benefits and policy integration.

Discourse does not only refer to the words and concepts being expressed，but also denotes the practices of ideology.Sexism discourse reflects the ideas and attitudes which stray away from objective facts and is a part of gender ideology.These ideas and attitudes are intimately related to social culture and are the mirror of inequality of social status between men and women.What the female suffers is the male-centered discourse oppression.The profound reason for this oppression is the male's possession of discourse right，which is also the symbol of economy，politics，law and social structures.Sexism discourse is generated in the patriarchal cultural contexts in which the male dominates and disciplines the discourse，creating signs as well as female signs.Women in such context and discourse are put in disadvantageous positions，defined by men，stipulated by men，depreciated by men and become men's vassals.Divergent gender ideologies are embedded in different cultural，historical，political，economic and social backgrounds.We should analyze and make research on the representation of sexism discourse in combination with expansive social and cultural backgrounds in a global context.Only by sorting out traditional gender discourse can we reconstruct a gender discourse based on the equality between male and female. 

Examining the hotly debated sentences of 'John is easy to please' and 'John is eager to please' in the light of Cognitive Construction Grammar, we have concluded that they typically inherit their form and meaning from two homonymous constructions, which function as Patient-Evaluating Construction and Agent-Evaluating Construction, respectively. In a wider field of vision, we then find that they dominate respectively two and four polysemous inheriting constructions with different degrees of prototypicality，and there is one more related homonymous construction.Our research has proved that establishing Constructional Homonymy may add to Cognitive Construction Grammar more descriptive accuracy and explanatory power.

Organizational ambidexterity has become a new paradigm for management research nowadays. However, extant literature indicates that organizational ambidexterity is still undertheorized and underconceptualized, and therefore, there is no agreement about its connotation and extension. By reviewing the relevant literature of organizational learning, technological innovation, organizational architecture and organizational adaption, we try to clearly define the connotation and extension of organizational ambidexterity. Based on the definition, we then build a multi-level framework of individuals, teams, organizations and inter-organizations for organizational ambidexterity, which contributes to the construction of Chinese management theories.

In a rapidly changing and intensively competitive environment, it is necessary for firms to implement such two patterns of organizational learning as exploratory learning and exploitative learning in order to have competitive advantage in new product development (NPD). With the new knowledge brought by exploratory learning, firms may develop new products to gain new customers and enter into new markets. By exploitative learning, firms utilize their existing knowledge to improve their products and increase customer satisfaction. As an important factor that affects organizational innovation behavior, entrepreneurial orientation (EO) describes a firm's strategic intentions and acts as the basis or foundation for its strategic decisions and actions. However, the extant research has so far not provided a ?ne-grained insight into the link between entrepreneurial orientation, learning patterns and NPD performance, which this paper intends to interpret on the basis of relevant theories and empirical findings from China’s 152 technology-based firms. First, we find that different dimensions of EO affect NPD performance in two ways: on one hand, EO directly affects the performance of NPD; on the other hand, EO indirectly affects NPD performance by influencing the organizational learning patterns. Specifically, among the five dimensions (autonomy, innovativeness, proactiveness, competitive aggressiveness, and risk-taking) of EO in technology-based firms, both proactiveness and risk-taking positively affect a firm’s exploratory learning; autonomy, innovativeness and competitive aggressiveness positively affect its exploitative learning, and innovativeness, proactiveness and competitive aggressiveness positively affect its NPD performance. Second, we find that both exploratory learning and exploitative learning exhibit an inverted U-shaped rather than a linear relationship with its NPD performance, such that at low levels, learning patterns’ effects on new product performance are stronger, but at high levels, the effects grow weaker. Third, we find that the interaction between exploratory learning and exploitative learning negatively affects its NPD performance, which means the advantages of exploratory learning decrease as the level of exploitative learning increases while the advantages of exploratory learning become smaller as exploitative learning increases. Finally, the findings of our study have implications for managers. In China's technology- based firms, EO penetrates those businesses’ strategic decision-making process and guides them to selectively conduct exploratory learning and/or exploitative learning for NPD. The two learning patterns, acting as the key intermediate link between EO and NPD, should be well balanced to collaboratively and dynamically promote NPD.

In the late Qing and the Republic of China，the re-interpretation and re-construction of the origin and development of Chinese academics became important for modern scholars in the communication between East and West.Some Sichuan scholars，like Meng Wentong and Liu Xianxin，tried to seek a modern way out of the traditional academics through the reconstruction of Eastern Zhejiang Historiography.Examining the genealogy of the 'Wuzhou Historiography of Song and Yaojiang Li Studies' with a focus on Zhang Xuecheng，Liu Xianxin stressed the academic characteristics of Eastern Zhejiang Historiography in his attempt to rebuild Chinese culture.Highlighting the differences between the Eastern Zhejiang historiographies of the Southern Song and Qing dynasties，Meng Wentong constructed the former as a model of 'Interaction between Confucianism and Historiography' based on Neo-Confucianism of the Qin and Han dynasties，and elaborated on the historic and realistic significance of Confucianism in Chinese culture.The inquiry into the scholars' intentions and aims may shed light on the development of traditional academics and be used as a reference in the construction of modern academics in China.

Under the influence of Sima Xiangru's gorgeous style of writing,Yang Xiong created four brilliant poetic essays--'Ganquan Fu'，'Hedong Fu'，'Yulie Fu' and 'Changyang Fu',of which 'Changyang Fu' is the most special.There exist three different views on this essay that it is an apology like Sima Xiangru's prose--'Blaming the Shu People',that it marked the beginning of prose fu and that it is a link in the stylistic shift of Hanfu.In the present author's opinion,these views are just talks in generalities.If we examine the background and narrative structure of 'Changyang Fu',we find that they are closely related to the arguments on the system of emperors' temples,which included the rise of Confucianism,the political appeals of scholars, the return to the patriarchal clan system,and the advocacy of Zhou Dynasty's social institutions.Although the controversy between the monarch and the Confucian scholars was never resolved,the three temples,Temple of Emperor Gaozu,Temple of Emperor Wen and Temple of Emperor Wu were preserved. It was against this background that 'Changyang Fu' was written,and it was the notion that the ancestors have merits and the family has virtue that decided the structure of narration and the connotation of Tactful Admonition,among which the idea of getting rid of lechery and the genre of apology has specially far-reaching impact on the writing of Dafu in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

After the failure of Great Revolution in 1927，Mao Dun withdrew from the political arena，but the cause of this failure occupied his mind.In his subsequent novels and papers，petty bourgeoisie became one of his core themes.In Mao Dun's view，petty bourgeoisie played an indispensable role in the practice of revolution and the creation of revolutionary literature.Therefore，it was not just a parasitic class as the revolutionary literati see it，but had its own subjectivity.Mao Dun's viewpoint brought on fierce challenge from the revolutionaries .In the argument，Mao Dun began to adjust his position，intentionally concealing and revising his emphasis on petty bourgeoisie's subjective consciousness，and accepting the revolutionary literati's demand that historical inevitability should be represented in his writing.Mao Dun's transformation was an essential precondition for him to join the League of the Left-Wing Writers and to become one of its leaders.

Zhejiang Library has several collections of rarely seen Chinese ancient dramas,for example,legends  Qiyunshi  by Huang Tubi,  Babaoxiang  by Xia Bingheng,  Meiyinglou  by Wang Tingjian,and an anonymous zaju  Zhaodanjing .Although some scholars have mentioned the first three in their monographs or articles,few have actually read the original works,while the last one has never been found in any drama collection.This article is a thorough study into the plots and themes of the four plays,as well as their compilation and spread. Qiyunshi ,the plot and theme of which are similar to those of  Mudanting ,was finished in 1741.A novel of Qing Dynasty entitled  Fengliuwu   shares the same plot.Yao Xie excerpted 15 chapters of  Qiyunshi  in his  Fuzhuang Jinyuefu Xuan.Babaoxiang ,written in 1749, took its plot from  Qingshi  by Feng Menglong and Yao Xie excerpted 5 chapters in his Fuzhuang Jinyuefu Xuan.Meiyinglou ,existing as a handwritten copy,was adapted from a real story which took place between 1846 and 1853,in which Xu Kui's wife,Liu Yiqing was portrayed as a martyr who killed herself by jumping into a well on the eve when the Tai Ping army entered the Boyang City.Different from the lost legend Zhaodanjing written by Zhu Yuncong at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty,the handwritten 4-chapter  Zhaodanjing  tells the stories of Chen Yue's wives.It is supposed to be written during the reign of Daoguang or later.