|
|
China-EU Service Trade and the Servitization of China’s Manufacturing Industry: An Empirical Study Based on Industrial Panel Data |
Fan Wenjing1, Pan Xian1, Xiao Wen2,3 |
1.School of Economics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China 2.School of Economics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China 3.NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China |
|
|
Abstract In recent years, the servitization of the manufacturing industry has become a significant trend in industrial evolution. Increasing service inputs in the process of manufacturing products is transforming the industrial structure and becoming a new engine of global economic growth. At present, the quality of services offered by China’s manufacturing industry is insufficient and thus servitization remains at a low level. Improving the servitization level of the manufacturing industry is essential to promoting the status of China’s manufacturing industry in the global value chain and in establishing a “dual circulation” development pattern. In this article, we examine theoretically and empirically whether the China–EU service trade can promote the servitization of China’s manufacturing industry. We focus on the impact of heterogeneity in the manufacturing industry and use a threshold effect model to explore the internal mechanism of the impact of heterogeneity.Theoretically, the China–EU service trade can promote the input servitization of China’s manufacturing industry through direct effect, competition effect, and technology spillover effect. It accelerates the output servitization via resource transfer effect, technology spillover effect, and Heckscher–Ohlin (H–O) effect. The empirical results reveal the following three conclusions. (1) On the whole, the China–EU service trade can significantly promote the input and output servitization of China’s manufacturing industry. (2) The impact of the China–EU service trade varies for different factor-intensive manufacturing industries. Although the China–EU service trade can promote the input servitization of labor- and technology-intensive manufacturing, it has no significant impact in the case of capital-intensive manufacturing. Moreover, the China–EU service trade has promoted the output servitization of labor-intensive manufacturing but has no significant impact on the output servitization of technology-intensive manufacturing, and it has even hindered that of capital-intensive manufacturing. (3) Based on industrial heterogeneity, we further explore the nonlinear characteristics of the impact of the China–EU service trade on the servitization of the manufacturing industry. We find that there are threshold effects for investment in research and development (R&D) and the level of nationalization. The contributions of this paper to the existing literature lie in the research perspective, research methods, and some new findings. First, this paper enriches the related research results by examining the China–EU bilateral trade, and simultaneously considering rapid changes in international trade and the deepening of the China–EU trade relations. Secondly, this paper focuses on the impact of the heterogeneity of the manufacturing industry and uses R&D intensity and the nationalization level as threshold variables to explore the internal mechanism governing whether service trade can promote the servitization of the domestic manufacturing industry. The third contribution is that the conclusions are explained from the perspectives of ownership characteristics, the resource curse effect, and the technological gap.
|
Received: 14 November 2021
|
|
|
|
1 刘继国、李江帆: 《国外制造业服务化问题研究综述》,《经济学家》2007年第3期,第119-126页。 2 Vandermerwe S. & Rada J., “Servitization of business: adding value by adding services,” European Management Journal, Vol. 6, No. 4 (1988), pp. 314-324. 3 Fang E., Palmatier R. W. & Steenkamp J. B. E. M., “Effect of service transition strategies on firm value,” Journal of Marketing, Vol. 72, No. 5 (2008), pp. 1-14. 4 Mastrogiacomo L., Barravecchia F. & Franceschini F., “A worldwide survey on manufacturing servitization,” The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 103, No. 9 (2019), pp. 3927-3942. 5 刘斌、魏倩、吕越等: 《制造业服务化与价值链升级》,《经济研究》2016年第3期,第151-162页。 6 唐志芳、顾乃华: 《制造业服务化、全球价值链分工与劳动收入占比——基于WIOD数据的经验研究》,《产业经济研究》2018年第1期,第15-27页。 7 Goe W. R., “Factors associated with the development of nonmetropolitan growth nodes in producer services industries, 1980-1990,” Rural Sociology, Vol. 67, No. 3 (2002), pp. 416-441. 8 江永红、陈奡楠: 《产业结构服务化对全要素生产率增速的影响机理》,《改革》2018年第5期,第87-96页。 9 Whalley J., “Assessing the benefits to developing countries of liberalization in services trade,” World Economy, Vol. 27, No. 8 (2004), pp. 1223-1253. 10 刘斌、赵晓斐: 《制造业投入服务化、服务贸易壁垒与全球价值链分工》,《经济研究》2020年第7期,第159-174页。 11 刁莉、朱琦: 《生产性服务进口贸易对中国制造业服务化的影响》,《中国软科学》2018年第8期,第49-57页。 12 Breinlich H., Soderbery A. & Wright G. C., “From selling goods to selling services: firm responses to trade liberalization,” American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, Vol. 10, No. 4 (2018),pp. 79-108. 13 崔岩、刘珊珊: 《生产性服务业开放与制造业全球价值链升级——来自跨国样本的经验证据》,《南京财经大学学报》2021年第4期,第86-96页。 14 史本叶、王晓娟: 《中美贸易摩擦的传导机制和扩散效应:基于全球价值链关联效应的研究》,《世界经济研究》2021年第3期,第14-29,134页。 15 袁欣: 《中国对外贸易结构与产业结构:“镜像”与“原像”的背离》,《经济学家》2010年第6期,第67-73页。 16 胡昭玲、夏秋、孙广宇: 《制造业服务化、技术创新与产业结构转型升级——基于WIOD跨国面板数据的实证研究》,《国际经贸探索》2017年第12期,第4-21页。 17 Bas M., “Does services liberalization affect manufacturing firms’ export performance? evidence from India,” Journal of Comparative Economics, Vol. 42, No. 3 (2014), pp. 569-589. 18 Halpern L., Koren M. & Szeidl A., “Imported inputs and productivity,” American Economic Review, Vol. 105, No. 12 (2015), pp. 3660-3703. 19 Langhammer R. J., “Service trade liberalization as a handmaiden of competitiveness in manufacturing: an industrialized or developing country issue,” Journal of World Trade, Vol. 41, No. 5 (2007), pp. 909-929. 20 马盈盈: 《服务贸易自由化与全球价值链:参与度及分工地位》,《国际贸易问题》2019年第7期,第113-127页。 21 Fernandes A. M. & Paunov C., “Foreign direct investment in services and manufacturing productivity: evidence for Chile,” Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 97, No. 2 (2012), pp. 305-321. 22 Arnold J. M., Javorcik B. S. & Mattoo A., “Does services liberalization benefit manufacturing firms? evidence from the Czech Republic,” Journal of International Economics, Vol. 85, No. 1 (2011), pp. 136-146. 23 顾乃华、夏杰长: 《对外贸易与制造业投入服务化的经济效应——基于2007年投入产出表的实证研究》,《社会科学研究》2010年第5期,第17-21页。 24 邹国伟、纪祥裕、胡晓丹等: 《服务贸易开放能否带来制造业服务化水平的提升?》,《产业经济研究》2018年第6期,第62-74页。 25 Kokko A., “Technology, market characteristics, and spillovers,” Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 43, No. 2 (1994), pp. 279-293. 26 石莉萍、戴翔、孙大伟: 《全球价值链演进新趋势下我国产业发展机遇及对策》,《经济纵横》2016年第3期,第36-40页。 27 Amiti M. & Wei S. J., “Service offshoring and productivity: evidence from the US,” World Economy, Vol. 32, No. 2 (2009), pp. 203-220. 28 Crozet M. & Milet E., “Should everybody be in services? the effect of servitization on manufacturing firm performance,” Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Vol. 26, No. 4 (2017), pp. 820-841. 29 杨玲: 《生产性服务进口贸易促进制造业服务化效应研究》,《数量经济技术经济研究》2015年第5期,第37-53页。 30 肖挺、黄先明: 《贸易自由化与中国制造企业服务化》,《当代财经》2021年第1期,第112-123页。 31 Crozet M. & Trionfetti F., “Firm-level comparative advantage,” Journal of International Economics, Vol. 91, No. 2 (2013), pp. 321-328. 32 彭水军、袁凯华、韦韬: 《贸易增加值视角下中国制造业服务化转型的事实与解释》,《数量经济技术经济研究》2017年第9期,第3-20页。 33 王向进、杨来科、钱志权: 《制造业服务化、高端化升级与碳减排》,《国际经贸探索》2018年第7期,第35-48页。 34 王厚双、盛新宇: 《服务化对制造业产品出口价格的影响分析》,《当代财经》2019年第9期,第95-108页。 35 黄群慧、霍景东: 《全球制造业服务化水平及其影响因素——基于国际投入产出数据的实证分析》,《经济管理》2014年第1期,第1-11页。 36 齐俊妍、任同莲: 《生产性服务业开放、行业异质性与制造业服务化》,《经济与管理研究》2020年第3期,第72-86页。 37 刘奕辰、栾维新、万述林: 《制造业服务化是否匹配制造业生产效率——基于联立方程的多重中介效应实证》,《山西财经大学学报》2020年第1期,第56-71页。 38 李勇刚、王猛: 《土地财政与产业结构服务化——一个解释产业结构服务化“中国悖论”的新视角》,《财经研究》2015年第9期,第29-41页。 39 张辽、王俊杰: 《我国制造业“四链”协同升级的一个现实途径:服务化转型》,《经济社会体制比较》2018年第5期,第60-69页。 40 杨水利、梁永康: 《制造企业服务化转型影响因素扎根研究》,《科技进步与对策》2016年第8期,第101-105页。 41 黄群慧: 《论新时期中国实体经济的发展》,《中国工业经济》2017年第9期,第5-24页。 42 龙飞扬、殷凤: 《制造业投入服务化与出口产品质量升级——来自中国制造企业的微观证据》,《国际经贸探索》2019年第11期,第19-35页。 43 高翔、袁凯华: 《中国企业制造业服务化水平的测度及演变分析》,《数量经济技术经济研究》2020年第11期,第3-22页。 44 樊茂清、黄薇: 《基于全球价值链分解的中国贸易产业结构演进研究》,《世界经济》2014年第2期,第50-70页。 45 Fitjar R. D. & Timmermans B., “Relatedness and the resource curse: is there a liability of relatedness,” Economic Geography, Vol. 95, No. 3 (2019), pp. 231-255. 46 潘士远、林毅夫: 《发展战略、知识吸收能力与经济收敛》,《数量经济技术经济研究》2006年第2期,第3-13页。 |
|
|
|