|
|
Imports of Digital Products, Knowledge Stock and Digital Innovation of Enterprises |
Huang Xianhai1, Wang Handi1,2 |
1.School of Economics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China 2.Center for Research in;Regional Economic Opening and Development, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China |
|
|
Abstract A new generation of information and communication technologies has reshaped traditional innovation process and gives birth to the so-called digital innovation. By virtue of its strong penetration and wide coverage, digital innovation is bringing subversive efficiency optimization to all trades and professions. In the process of promoting high-quality economic development, digital innovation has become an emerging impetus to realize the transformation of economic growth from factor-driven to innovation-driven. With the support of a patent database, we find empirical evidences revealing the characteristics of China’s digital innovation. Digital patents account for less than 20% of the total applications but are much higher in grant rate compared with non-digital ones. When further comparing two types of digital patents, digital technology patents constitute an overwhelming majority of the digital patents while the proportion of digitized patents is getting higher and higher along with the diffusion of digital technologies. Therefore, it is of great theoretical value and practical significance to fully explore the factors affecting all kinds of digital innovation and disentangle the specific mechanism behind it.This paper examines the impact of imported digital products on digital innovation using a panel of Chinese enterprises over the period of 2000-2014. We present three core results. First, our baseline estimates show that imported digital products can significantly promote two types of digital innovations in enterprises: digital technology innovation and digitized innovation. The conclusion remains robust to a series of tests, including treating imports of digital products as endogenous using the release of the “catalogs of encouraged technology and product imports” in 2007 as a quasi-natural experiment. Second, there is a positive interactive effect between the knowledge stock of enterprises and imported digital products. To be specific, both the depth and breadth of knowledge of enterprises can positively regulate the promotion of imported digital products to digital innovation. In a heterogeneity analysis, the positive and statistically significant interactive effect of knowledge depth and imported digital products is only found at the sample of export enterprises, local enterprises, and high-tech industries, while we detect a generally significant regulating effect of knowledge breadth on all samples other than non-exporting enterprises. Finally, the open innovation model serves as an important channel for imported digital products to affect digital innovation. The imports of digital products and knowledge stock of enterprises can synergistically promote cross-regional and cross-field cooperation, thereby increasing the digital innovation output of enterprises. In terms of policy, this paper proposes to deepen the opening up and cooperation in the field of the digital economy, guide enterprises to absorb and apply cutting-edge digital technologies, so as to fully stimulate the vitality of digital innovation in the whole society.The analysis in this paper contributes to the extant literature in several ways. First, while existing researches have conducted extensive discussions on digital innovation from a theoretical level, there is still a lack of detailed empirical evidence to support the theoretical analysis. This paper extends the analysis by measuring the intensity and describing the trend of digital innovation in Chinese enterprises. Second, we contribute to the literature on the determinants of digital innovation. Few studies have analyzed digital innovation from the perspective of an open economy. We instead make the point that the imports of digital products lead to the increases in digital patents of enterprises. Finally, this paper goes one step further by disentangling the open innovation model channel through which imported digital products and knowledge stock of enterprises affect digital innovation.
|
Received: 17 November 2021
|
|
|
|
1 刘洋、董久钰、魏江: 《数字创新管理:理论框架与未来研究》,《管理世界》2020年第7期,第198-217,219页。 2 Nambisan S., “Digital entrepreneurship: toward a digital technology perspective of entrepreneurship,” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 41, No. 6 (2017), pp. 1029-1055. 3 诸竹君、黄先海、余骁: 《进口中间品质量、自主创新与企业出口国内增加值率》,《中国工业经济》2018年第8期,第116-134页。 4 林薛栋、魏浩、李飚: 《进口贸易自由化与中国的企业创新——来自中国制造业企业的证据》,《国际贸易问题》2017年第2期,第97-106页。 5 刘佳琪、孙浦阳: 《数字产品进口如何有效促进企业创新——基于中国微观企业的经验分析》,《国际贸易问题》2021年第8期,第38-53页。 6 Yoo Y., Henfridsson O. & Lyytinen K., “Research commentary—the new organizing logic of digital innovation: an agenda for information systems research,” Information Systems Research, Vol. 21, No. 4 (2010), pp. 724-735. 7 Ciriello R. F., Richter A. & Schwabe G., “Digital innovation,” Business & Information Systems Engineering, Vol. 60, No. 6 (2018), pp. 563-569. 8 陈剑、黄朔、刘运辉: 《从赋能到使能——数字化环境下的企业运营管理》,《管理世界》2020年第2期,第117-128,222页。 9 杨震宁、侯一凡、李德辉等: 《中国企业“双循环”中开放式创新网络的平衡效应——基于数字赋能与组织柔性的考察》,《管理世界》2021年第11期,第184-205,12页。 10 蔡莉、杨亚倩、卢珊等: 《数字技术对创业活动影响研究回顾与展望》,《科学学研究》2019年第10期,第1816-1824,1835页。 11 余江、孟庆时、张越等: 《数字创新:创新研究新视角的探索及启示》,《科学学研究》2017年第7期,第1103-1111页。 12 李平、姜丽: 《贸易自由化、中间品进口与中国技术创新——1998—2012年省级面板数据的实证研究》,《国际贸易问题》2015年第7期,第3-11,96页。 13 江小涓: 《高度联通社会中的资源重组与服务业增长》,《经济研究》2017年第3期,第4-17页。 14 Smith K. G., Collins C. J. & Clark K. D., “Existing knowledge, knowledge creation capability, and the rate of new product introduction in high-technology firms,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 48, No. 2 (2005), pp. 346-357. 15 Wu J. & Shanley M. T., “Knowledge stock, exploration, and innovation: research on the United States electromedical device industry,” Journal of Business Research, Vol. 62, No. 4 (2009), pp. 474-483. 16 Cohen W. M. & Levinthal D. A., “Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 35, No. 1 (1990), pp. 128-152. 17 Fleming L., “Recombinant uncertainty in technological search,” Management Science, Vol. 47, No. 1 (2001), pp. 117-132. 18 Cassiman B. & Valentini G., “Open innovation: are inbound and outbound knowledge flows really complementary?” Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 37, No. 6 (2016), pp. 1034-1046. 19 柳卸林、董彩婷、丁雪辰: 《数字创新时代:中国的机遇与挑战》,《科学学与科学技术管理》2020年第6期,第3-15页。 20 李德辉、范黎波、杨震宁: 《企业网络嵌入可以高枕无忧吗——基于中国上市制造业企业的考察》,《南开管理评论》2017年第1期,第67-82页。 21 于飞、蔡翔、董亮: 《研发模式对企业创新的影响——知识基础的调节作用》,《管理科学》2017年第3期,第97-109页。 22 杨震宁、赵红: 《中国企业的开放式创新:制度环境、“竞合”关系与创新绩效》,《管理世界》2020年第2期,第139-160,224页。 23 戴勇、胡明溥: 《产学研伙伴异质性对知识共享的影响及机制研究》,《科学学与科学技术管理》2016年第6期,第66-79页。 24 易巍、龙小宁、林志帆: 《地理距离影响高校专利知识溢出吗——来自中国高铁开通的经验证据》,《中国工业经济》2021年第9期,第99-117页。 25 Jaffe A. B., Michael S. F. & Bruce R. B., “Evidence from patents and patent citations on the impact of NASA and other federal labs on commercial innovation,” Journal of Industrial Economics, Vol. 2 (1998), pp. 183-205. 26 周方召、符建华、仲深: 《外部融资、企业规模与上市公司技术创新》,《科研管理》2014年第3期,第116-122页。 27 张杰、郑文平、翟福昕: 《竞争如何影响创新:中国情景的新检验》,《中国工业经济》2014年第11期,第56-68页。 28 陈玲、杨文辉: 《政府研发补贴会促进企业创新吗?——来自中国上市公司的实证研究》,《科学学研究》2016年第3期,第433-442页。 29 谢红军、张禹、洪俊杰等: 《鼓励关键设备进口的创新效应——兼议中国企业的创新路径选择》,《中国工业经济》2021年第4期,第100-118页。 30 Xu J., “Profitability and capital structure: evidence from import penetration,” Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 106, No. 2 (2012), pp. 427-446. 31 许家云、毛其淋、胡鞍钢: 《中间品进口与企业出口产品质量升级:基于中国证据的研究》,《世界经济》2017年第3期,第52-75页。 32 李兵、岳云嵩、陈婷: 《出口与企业自主技术创新:来自企业专利数据的经验研究》,《世界经济》2016年第12期,第72-94页。 33 肖利平、谢丹阳: 《国外技术引进与本土创新增长:互补还是替代——基于异质吸收能力的视角》,《中国工业经济》2016年第9期,第75-92页。 34 官建成、陈凯华: 《我国高技术产业技术创新效率的测度》,《数量经济技术经济研究》2009年第10期,第19-33页。 35 Boland R. J., Lyytinen K. & Yoo Y., “Wakes of innovation in project networks: the case of digital 3-D representations in architecture, engineering, and construction,” Organization Science, Vol. 4 (2007), pp.631-647. 36 Dippel C., Ferrara A. & Heblich S., “Causal mediation analysis in instrumental variables regressions,” The Stata Journal, Vol. 20, No. 3 (2020), pp. 613-626. |
|
|
|