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A Research on the Mechanism of Local Government Promoting Corporate Social Responsibility: A Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) Study Based on Zhejiang County (City, District) Level Data |
Shen Qitaisong1, Cai Ning2 |
1.Research Center of Digital Transformation and Social Responsibility Management, ZUCC, Hangzhou 310015, China 2.School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China |
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Abstract With the continuous publicity of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the widespread practice of the “Two Mountains Theory” throughout China, the promotion of a sustainable economic and social development rather than a single pursuit of GDP has become an important goal of policy innovation of the central government and local governments. More and more attention has been paid to corporate social responsibility (CSR). However, CSR is an “imported” concept that originated in the West. Even though it has been gradually publicized, there is still the problem of cognitive legitimacy that cannot be quickly accepted by the grassroots in the short term. There may also be operational difficulties that the existing government structure and department functions cannot accurately support. In reality, the strength of the local governments in supporting and promoting CSR reflects very strong regional differences. Therefore, systematically revealing the facilitating conditions and occurrence mechanism for promoting CSR by local governments, explaining the differences in actions between different regions, and deciphering the asynchrony between macro-logic and micro-practice should become important issues for researchers in related fields. Based on that, this study integrates government innovation influencing factors, CSR driving mechanisms and stakeholder theories, and relies on fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) based on a histomorphological perspective to make an exploratory analysis on the promotion conditions and occurrence mechanism of local governments’ promoting CSR, using quantitative data from 89 counties (districts and cities) in Zhejiang province. This research concludes four types of CSR promotion, namely, the external environment stimulation type, the government condition complete type, the internal and external factors coupling type and the innovation continuous emerging type. Further more, this research summarizes: (1) Six factors, including the level of export-oriented economy, regional innovation capabilities, government innovation experience, government work efficiency, government transparency, and officials’ innovation enthusiasm, may have a substantial impact on the government’s promotion of corporate social responsibility. But there are no specific conditions that necessarily work; (2) In the process of government innovation, there are multiple mechanisms such as environmental pressure, resource dependence, organizational learning, and active action. More attention should be paid to the group effects of conditional elements rather than the effect of a single element; (3) From a realistic point of view, it is not common to expect the model of government innovation to be derived after the internal conditions are fully met. Three scenarios are more likely to occur, which are the strategic response to external stimuli, the continuous exploration after first trial, and the homeopathy under internal and external coupling. This research has the following potential theoretical innovations: (1) It advances the issue of the mechanism of the government to promote CSR, reveals the combination of conditions and emergence patterns that induce local governments to promote CSR, and makes a deeper exploration to the occurrence process of CSR from the perspective of institutional view; (2) This paper changes the idea of empirical analysis of local government innovation motivation from the perspective of single variable net effect, and puts forward an integrated mode of economic conditions, institutional environment and officials’ motivation, which provides an empirical evidence for the existing theoretical research; (3) This study not only changes the mindset of considering local governments as a unified model and highlights the non-synchronicity between macro logic and micro reality, but also compensates for the lack of attention to grassroots reality below the municipal level in previous related studies; (4) This research helps to better analyze the complexity of the government innovation process, and to a certain extent realizes the dialogue between the two disciplines of public management and business management.
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Received: 18 September 2020
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