Since its establishment, the People's Republic of China has made significant achievements in national language governance, especially in the standardization of Chinese language and its characters. In China, the standardization of language is an essential part of language planning and practice, and an fundamental part of national language practice. In this new era, Chinese language standards and norms are facing new challenges. The new era not only means the new historical period characterized by informatization, globalization and intellectualization that the human society has entered, but also refers to the age that the world is facing a significant change unseen by people over the past hundreds of years. The new era also means that China has built a well-off society in an all-round way, and that socialism with Chinese characteristics will make outstanding contributions in the course of the construction of a community with a shared future for humanity and global public governance. China has made significant achievements in national language governance because compared with the United States, it has distinct institutional advantages and a perfect administrative system in language affairs. China's language policy planning has a strong awareness of top-level design which is systematic, long-term and continuous. In the new era, a theory of national language governance with Chinese characteristics is based on a comprehensive study and summary of the practice of Chinese language governance from diachronic and synchronic perspectives, as well as a horizontal comparison with the practices of language governance in other countries. In the new era, norms should not be taken as compulsive in China. Although revisionism has a role to play, it is not the primary goal or purpose of language norms. Norms should follow the laws of language. They are the active choices of the Chinese government to clarify the ambiguities in language use to meet the social needs in real language life. Fundamentally speaking, the standards of language and the change of norms for characters should keep pace with the times. Differential norms should be accentuated, the concept of language norms updated, the old concepts such as norm romanticism and norm purity forsaken, and norms pragmatized. The Chinese language norms are not established to limit the development of language, but to better explore the law of language evolution. Positive guidance and intervention are needed in the Chinese social language when the independent evolution of language cannot be achieved, such as the non-standard public language, the confusion in the selection and change of place names, and the stigmatization of specific professions. Another example is the writing form of Chinese minority languages (transcribed through Latin), which not only involves the internationalization, standardization and informatization of the characters, but also involves the national sovereignty of the standard of the language and characters. Some minority languages use more than one type of characters at the same time, which is not only undesirable and unnecessary, but also increases the burden of the users of the characters and weakens the authority and practicability of the national characters. It is therefore urgent for the Chinese government to re-plan and standardize minority languages' scripts based on a comprehensive investigation. In general, there are no perfect standards of the linguistic script. In the development and implementation of standards, we need to allow for trial and error rather than being overly demanding. We need to constantly adjust and correct the norms with a developmental view. In the new era, the norms of Chinese language and script will mainly take the form of flexible guidance, and language and script standards will be set to achieve unity and guide usage rather than to restrict or enforce practice. In the future, our focus will be on strengthening the publicity of language and character policies, popularizing the common sense of language and character, improving the language and character literacy of the public, and establishing a dynamic view of language and character norms. We should actively cope with the language variants and the negative public opinion in language life.