In view of the research of social governance, ″social governance essence″ is the logic basis of local social governance. This paper using the theoretical analysis framework of ″three balances″ explores the ″social governance essence″ and its logical kernel. This paper has proposed that orderly governance and effective governance is indispensable, orderly governance is the necessary premise of effective governance, and effective governance is the value orientation of orderly governance; no orderly governance, effective governance can not exist; and no effective governance, orderly governance will lose its value and significance. The successful social governance must be the organic unity of orderly governance and effective governance. In the theoretical analysis framework of ″three balances,″ ″the first balance″ is the most basic, under the premise of the overall order of local governance,it should keep the dynamic balance of partial governance order and partial governance disorder; ″The second balance″ based on ″the first balance,″ under the premise of the overall effectiveness of local governance,it should keep the dynamic balance of partial governance effectiveness and partial governance inefficiencies; ″The third balance″ is based on the previous two dynamic balances, namely achieving the overall order of local governance and the overall effectiveness of local governance, it is also the highest level of dynamic balance in local governance. Based on the theoretical analysis framework of ″three balances,″ the local government should vigorously promote the innovation of social governance concept and social governance system.In order to realize ″three changes,″ the local government should shift the goal of social governance from ″maintaining social stability″ to ″the pursuit of social vitality and social harmony″; the local government should shift the entity of social governance from ″the sole government leading and controlling″ to ″collaborative governance of pluralistic governance entity″; the local government also should shift the means of the social governance from ″the administrative and executive order″ to″rule of law.″ Specifically, the local government should promote the innovation of social governance concept and social governance system in five practical areas. These five areas are: to achieve the organic unity of orderly governance and effective governance, the use of ″rule of law″ in social governance, to provide more and better public services, to develop social organizations with governance capabilities,the effective control and resolution of social risks. Putting forward the theoretical analysis framework of ″three balances,″ will not only provide a novel theoretical analysis framework for academic colleagues, provide them a new perspective to understand the nature of local social governance; but also will provide some corresponding theoretical support for social governance practices, and help local governments understand clearly the specific requirements and objectives of social governance practices.