Peer reviewing is of vital importance to the academics and academic periodicals.The emergency of academic periodicals should have the following four prerequisites: firstly,the feudal system is weak and is almost been dispelled|the technology is relatively advanced and the system of attracting and encouraging academic research is basically formed|secondly,academic research has already been a stable occupation which the academics can live by|thirdly,the publication is not accidental but regular|fourthly,there is a party of editors engaging in the publication of academic periodicals.The four prerequisites were initially developed and matured in the west.The first four academic periodicals in the west were: Heuristic Discussion Monthly in Germany,1663, Scholar’s Journal in January,1665, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society in March,1665, Oxford Communique in England,1665.It is generally believed that Scholar Journal is the first genuinely academic periodical in the world because it adopted ''Journal'' as its name.The system of peer reviewing also first appeared in the west.There are two reasons: one is that a quantity of academic periodicals have already existed|the other is that the system of peer reviewing in patent application which the system of peer reviewing in academic periodicals is based on and referred to has existed in the west for a long time. Wuyi Huijiang in the middle period of Qing Dynasty,by its nature,is a traditional book.The reviewing system of Wuyi Huijiangwas not the same as the peer reviewing in real sense. Chinese Monthly Magazine ,which was started by Morrison in 1815 and then managed by Miline and Medhurst (both of the three were Scorch missionaries),is an academic periodical.The following four reasons contribute to its nature: firstly,the editor,Marrison,was a great scholar.It was easy for him to edit such an academic magazine|secondly,Medhurst,the successor to Marrison,believeed that ''it mainly elaborates diversified theories''|thirdly,it took ''elucidating Christian doctrines as a core''fourthly,it publicized a range of articles on science and culture apart from elucidating some doctrines.Chinese Modern Academic Periodical is characterized by the trinity of writing,examining and compiling.Because most of the articles were those translated from the western,there was no need to peer review the introductive scientific knowledge.Later,academic periodicals in China were in a turbulent stage,having no time to carry out peer reviewing.A system of ''triple reviewing'' was implemented in China after liberation,which had the characteristics of planned economy and ''internal system''.It was originated from the publication thoughts proposed by Lenin and Chairman Mao Zedong in the wartime. A comparative study on peer reviewing systems of academic periodicals between China and the West shows that peer reviewing is far superior to triple reviewing.China should make great efforts to reform the current triple reviewing system,and to advance the internationalization of academic periodicals,that is,writer internationalization,peer reviewing internationalization and reader internationalization.