|
|
|
| Reflection on the Consequence-based Adjudication Thinking： An Exploration into a Modest Standard of Restraint |
| Sun Haibo |
| College of Comparative Law, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Consequentialist adjudication reverses the “discovery of law” and the “justification of adjudication”, taking the predicted possible consequences as the logical initial point of thinking, and selecting laws and forming adjudication conclusions through the prediction and evaluation of consequences. This is quite different from the thinking pattern of legal dogmatics, which emphasizes thinking in terms of the legal rules themselves and takes a completely opposite path in the logic of thought.According to the strength of the position, there are extreme and moderate consequentialism. Extreme consequentialist thinking takes consequences as the dominant determinant, therefore the normative role of the law itself is dissolved, which makes it undesirable. The moderate consequentialism, incorporates the evaluation and consideration of consequences under the premise respecting and recognizing the binding effect of legal norms on adjudication, thus being reasonable to a certain extent.The moderate consequentialism can be further subdivided into the consequentialism of the rules-applying and the consequentialism of rules-continuance, both of which are strictly limited to the realm of difficult cases. Whereas the consequentialism of the rules-applying is still regulated by the normative purpose, the consequentialism of rules-continuance goes beyond the normative purpose into the realm of judicial continuation, and is thus subject to harsher restrictions. The consequentialist thinking implies the logic of superficial justification and false justification. This thinking practice is difficult to openly supervise and examine because of its covert manner in which it is often acted.Considering that consequentialist thinking has the tendency of adjudication beyond the law, it is necessary to transform and limit it in a dogmatic way. Thus, it is necessary to construct restrictive standards at both the formal and substantive levels. At the formal level, consequentialist thinking should be carried out strictly in accordance with the law and should not be arbitrarily freed from the constraints of the law.At the substantive level, consequentialist thinking should be subjected to the test of reasonableness. The selection, evaluation and consideration of consequences should take into account the general implications for similar cases in the future, as well as the integration of the consideration of consequences at the level of substantive grounds, and should not conflict with the values, the fundamental principles of law and the legal order as a whole. Thus, the consistence of consequentialist adjudication and the position of adjudication according to law could be ensured.
|
|
Received: 02 June 2023
|
|
|
|
1 Barak A.， Judicial Discretion， translated from the Hebrew by Yadin Kaufmann， New Haven： Yale University Press， 1989.
2 Posner R. A.， “Reasoning by analogy，” Cornell Law Review， Vol. 91， No. 3 （2006）， pp. 761-774.
3 苏力：《法律人思维？》，《北大法律评论》2013年第2期，第429-469页。
4 侯猛：《司法中的社会科学判断》，《中国法学》2015年第6期，第42-59页。
5 Kmiec K. D.， “The origin and current meanings of ‘judicial activism’，” California Law Review， Vol. 92， No. 5 （2004）， pp. 1441-1477.
6 Carbonell F.， “Reasoning by consequences： applying different argumentation structures to the analysis of consequentialist reasoning in judicial decisions，” in Dahlman C. & Feteris E. （eds.）， Legal Argumentation Theory： Cross-disciplinary Perspectives， Dordrecht： Springer， 2013， pp. 1-19.
7 Wróblewski J.， “Justification through principles and justification through consequences，” in Farrali C. & Enrico Pattaro （eds.）， Reason in Law， Milano： Giuffrè， 1987， pp. 129-161.
8 侯猛：《社科法学的传统与挑战》，《法商研究》2014年第5期，第74-80页。
9 陈金钊：《法律人思维中的规范隐退》，《中国法学》2012年第1期，第5-18页。
10 德］罗伯特·阿列克西：《法律论证理论：作为法律证立理论的理性论辩理论》，舒国滢译，北京：中国法制出版社，2002年。
11 德］齐佩利乌斯：《法学方法论》，金振豹译，北京：法律出版社，2009年。
12 德］乌尔弗里德·诺依曼：《法律论证学》，张青波译，北京：法律出版社，2014年。
13 德］卡尔·拉伦茨：《法学方法论》（第六版），黄家镇译，北京：商务印书馆，2020年。
14 奥］恩斯特·A.克莱默：《法律方法论》，周万里译，北京：法律出版社，2019年。
15 美］朗·富勒：《法律的道德性》，郑戈译，北京：商务印书馆，2005年。
16 英］约翰·菲尼斯：《自然法与自然权利》，董娇娇等译，北京：中国政法大学出版社，2005年。
17 Raz J.， “The law’s own virtue，” Oxford Journal of Legal Studies， Vol. 39， No. 1 （2019）， pp. 1-15.
18 美］约翰·奥尔特：《正当法律程序简史》，杨明成、陈霜玲译，北京：商务印书馆，2006年。
19 Coleman J. L. & Leiter B.， “Determinacy， objectivity， and authority，” University of Pennsylvania Law Review， Vol. 142， No. 2 （1993）， pp. 549-637.
20 陈瑞华：《程序性制裁制度的法理学分析》，《中国法学》2005年第6期，第150-163页
21 陈瑞华：《程序性制裁理论》（第三版），北京：中国法制出版社，2017年。
22 张青波：《理性实践法律：当代德国的法之适用理论》，北京：法律出版社，2012年。
23 孙海波：《后果导向裁判思维的方法论反思》，《学术界》2023年第8期，第130-142页。
24 王彬：《司法裁决中的后果论思维》，《法律科学》2019年第6期，第15-29页。
25 英］尼尔·麦考密克：《法律推理与法律理论》，姜峰译，北京：法律出版社，2005年。
26 江必新：《在法律之内寻求社会效果》，《中国法学》2009年第3期，第5-14页。
27 Cserne P.， “Policy arguments before courts： identifying and evaluating consequence-based judicial reasoning，” Humanitas Journal of European Studies， Vol. 3 （2009）， pp. 9-30.
28 美］罗纳德·德沃金：《法律帝国》，李冠宜译，台北：时英出版社，2002年。
29 张文显：《法理：法理学的中心主题和法学的共同关注》，《清华法学》2017年第4期，第5-40页。
30 瑞典］亚历山大·佩策尼克：《论法律与理性》，陈曦译，北京：中国政法大学出版社，2015年。
31 杨知文：《基于后果评价的法律适用方法》，《现代法学》2014年第4期，第35-48页。
32 Esposito F. & Tuzet G.， “Economic consequences as legal values： a legal inferentialist approach，” in Cserne P. & Ma?ecka M. （eds.）， Law and Economics as Interdisciplinary Exchange： Philosophical， Methodological and Historical Perspectives， London： Routledge， 2019， pp. 135-157. |
|
|
|
2024, Vol. 54 
