|
|
From “Factor Analysis” to “Type Investigation”: Defense for “Secret Theft Theory” |
Wu Yake |
Law School, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China |
|
|
Abstract On the issue of “whether theft needs to be secret”, the theoretical debate between “public theft theory” and “secret theft theory” has not subsided for many years. On the root, the reason why there is no theoretical consensus is that these two theories follow different ways of thinking when understanding theft. Specifically, “public theft theory” follows the thinking way of factor analysis of “from part to whole”, that is, under the premise of cutting the connection between subjective and objective factors of crime. It proceeds to investigate the objective behavior of acquiring taking money and the cognitive content of subjective actors respectively, so as to form the understanding that theft can be open. On the contrary, “secret theft theory” follows the type investigation thinking mode of “from the whole to the part”.At the level of criminal law Dogmatik, the mode of thinking followed by criminal law theory is only consistent with the criminal legislation mechanism in essence. It is qualified to be called the doctrinal theory that regards criminal law as the “Bible” in order to obtain legitimacy and rationality. Only in this way can it be called a Dogmatik theory that regards criminal law as the “Bible”, so as to obtain legitimacy and rationality. Back to the level of criminal legislation, theft and robbery are the types of property crimes at the same level constructed by legislators following the typed thinking and using the legislative method of “separate legislation for acts of the same nature”. Therefore, it can be said that the thinking mode of type investigation followed by the “secret theft theory” is the continuation of the typed legislative mechanism of theft in the theory of criminal law. At the same time, whether the act of acquiring money is secret or not is a correct grasp of the type classification standard of “separate legislation for acts of the same nature” between theft and robbery, which can accurately distinguish the two crimes. However, the thinking mode of factor analysis followed by the “theory of public theft” is not consistent with the typed legislation mechanism. The dividing standard between theft and robbery advocated by this theory is a wrong understanding of the classification standard of two crimes, which is not practical. Generally speaking, “secret theft theory” is a criminal law Dogmatik theory that should be adhered to.Objectively speaking, taking the typed legislative mechanism as the evaluation standard, we can make a correct answer to the question of “whether the theft is secret” by comparing the rationality of the use of the thinking mode of “public theft theory” and “secret theft theory”. On the one hand, this research can jump out of the framework set by the existing theory and re-examine the theory, and the research on the problem can develop in depth. On the other hand, it can also resolve the above theoretical contention of “different opinions” and provide unified theoretical guidance for judicial practice. Furthermore, followed by the “secret theft theory” can play a positive role in deepening the theory of crime constitution. Firstly, the criminal law principle of the unity of subjective and objective is conducive to correctly understanding the interdependence of the subjective and objective elements of crime and correcting the wrong understanding that they are independent and should be investigated separately. Secondly, taking typing as the guiding concept provides support for the dualism of “handlungsunwert”, that is, only by integrating the “handlungsunwert” and “erfolgsunwert” can we fully grasp the illegality of typed conduct.
|
Received: 28 December 2021
|
|
|
|
1 张明楷: 《盗窃与抢夺的界限》,《法学家》2006年第2期,第119-131页。 2 陈中立、林振义: 《思维方式:人类认识活动的前提》,《科学》2013年第2期,第3-6页。 3 何荣功: 《也论盗窃与抢夺的界限——兼与张明楷教授商榷》,《当代法学》2012年第4期,第66-72页。 4 贾学胜: 《“公开盗窃”否定论》,见赵秉志主编: 《刑法论丛》第40卷,北京:法律出版社,2015年,第344-358页。 5 何显兵: 《再论盗窃与抢夺的界限——对公然盗窃论的质疑》,《中国刑事法杂志》2012年第5期,第34-40页。 6 吴亚可: 《在“手段”与“目的”之间:法条竞合立法规定的本土化考察——以法条竞合处断原则理论难题为切入点》,见江溯主编: 《刑事法评论》第41卷,北京:北京大学出版社,2018年,第481-503页。 7 孙小礼: 《从部分与整体谈科学方法》,《自然辩证法通讯》1993年第4期,第10-18页。 8 牛保义: 《整体思维与分析思维——谈中美两国人的思维模式差异》,《四川外语学院学报》2007年第2期,第54-59页。 9 董玉庭: 《盗窃与抢夺的新界分说质疑——兼与张明楷教授商榷》,《人民检察》2010年第15期,第20-25页。 10 李洁: 《论罪刑法定的实现》,北京:清华大学出版社,2006年。 11 德]亚图·考夫曼: 《类推与“事物本质”——兼论类型理论》,吴从周译,台北:学林文化事业有限公司,1999年。 12 赵春玉: 《罪刑法定的路径选择与方法保障——以刑法中的类型思维为中心》,《现代法学》2014年第3期,第116-132页。 13 杜宇: 《刑法规范的形成机理——以“类型”建构为视角》,《法商研究》2010年第1期,第141-150页。 14 德]卡尔·拉伦茨: 《法学方法论》,陈爱娥译,北京:商务印书馆,2003年。 15 陈坤: 《刑法解释中的类型思维与立法意图》,《环球法律评论》2012年第5期,第53-65页。 16 林立: 《法学方法论与德沃金》,北京:中国政法大学出版社,2002年。 17 周维明: 《“事物的本质”、类型思维与类推适用的关系之探析》,见陈金钊、谢晖主编: 《法律方法》第15卷,济南:山东人民出版社,2014年,第132-147页。 18 杜宇: 《基于类型思维的刑法解释的实践功能》,《中外法学》2016年第5期,第1234-1261页。 19 杜宇: 《刑法解释的另一种路径:以“合类型性”为中心》,《中国法学》2010年第5期,第176-190页。 20 张康之: 《超越逻辑推理的直观和想象:在风险社会中看因果关系》,《国外社会科学前沿》2021年第6期,第3-17页。 21 杜宇: 《再论刑法上之“类型化”思维——一种基于“方法论”的扩展性思考》,《法制与社会发展》2005年第6期,第106-119页。 22 李依林: 《论刑事司法实践中的类型化思维》,《江西社会科学》2014年第2期,第171-178页。 23 刘生荣: 《犯罪构成原理》,北京:法律出版社,1997年。 24 黄晓亮: 《主客观相统一原则与犯罪构成关系论要》,《山东科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2010年第4期,第45-49页。 25 刘之雄: 《“公开盗窃论”的理论根基匡谬》,《法学家》2021年第1期,第97-110页。 26 周光权: 《新行为无价值论的中国展开》,《中国法学》2012年第1期,第175-191页。 27 李海东: 《刑法原理入门:犯罪论基础》,北京:法律出版社,1998年。 28 德]汉斯·韦尔策尔: 《目的行为论导论——刑法理论的新图景》(增补第4版),陈璇译,北京:中国人民大学出版社,2015年。 29 周光权: 《行为无价值与结果无价值的关系》,《政治与法律》2015年第1期,第2-12页。 |
|
|
|