|
|
|
| A Research on China’s Energy Sustainable Development Evaluation in the New Era |
| Ding Shouhai, Xu Zheng, Jiang Xiaopeng |
| School of Applied Economics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract In 2021, China entered the “14th Five-Year Plan” period. However, the post-pandemic era is a crucial strategic one for the country. The process of economic globalization and world multi-polarization will make profound adjustments and changes. Recently, due to the soaring coal prices and insufficient energy supply, power outages have attracted widespread attention from all walks of life. Consequently, economic uncertainty has increased, and the international environment has become unprecedentedly complex. The issues of energy security and sustainable development are particularly important. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee also emphasized these issues, it is urgent to achieve a sustainable development of the energy industry with green, clean, safe, reliable, innovative and high-quality supplies. Then, the conference further proposes the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Understanding the level of sustainable development in the country is the first step. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a systematic framework to evaluate the energy development level of China based on the energy utilization status.Hence, we construct an analytical framework with 35 indicators from three aspects of the energy supply side, demand side and affordability. We use the entropy method to analyze the energy sustainable development level of 30 provinces in China from 2005 to 2018. The following conclusions are drawn. From the perspective of weight, the energy supply side has the highest weight and the demand side has the lowest weight in the first-level indicators. Beijing, Liaoning, Jiangsu, and Guangdong rank high in the overall index, while Jiangxi, Guizhou, Ningxia, Hainan, Qinghai and other provinces have relatively low levels of sustainable development. From the perspective of regions, the energy development of the eastern regions are all in the leading position, while the western regions lag behind, but there is an upward trend in recent years. From the perspective of administrative divisions, different geographical regions have different endowment advantages and development characteristics. The northern regions have abundant energy resources. Therefore, resources and thermal power infrastructure have a relatively large comparative advantage in energy supply. The eastern regions have a relatively low-carbon position because of their financial revenue and expenditure, population sizes, energy infrastructure, and cleaner production. They have a relatively low-carbon and sustainable demand development prospect. From the perspective of economic development level, the demand and affordability index of developed regions are much larger than that of the other regions, while the supply side index is slightly lower than in other regions. From the perspective of population density, the results of densely populated areas are much larger than those of other regions.Finally, based on the above-mentioned detailed comparative analysis, we put forward these suggestions. In terms of clean transformation, it is necessary to accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity. The government should promote a gradual transformation of the energy structure to a clean and low-carbon industrial chain. In terms of technology application, the government should accelerate the implementation and application of advanced technologies, such as green hydrogen and carbon capture. It is necessary to implement policies in accordance with digital means, which can create a new growth space for a sustainable development. In terms of strategic planning, provincial governments should effectively decompose their carbon emission reduction targets as based on local reality, formulate detailed rules for energy structure transformation and use fiscal policy, financial policy and other policy tools to complete the dual control of energy consumption in an orderly manner.
|
|
Received: 04 June 2021
|
|
|
|
1 Elavarasan R. M.， Pugazhendhi R. & Irfan M. et al.， “A novel Sustainable Development Goal 7 composite index as the paradigm for energy sustainability assessment： a case study from Europe，” Applied Energy， Vol. 307 （2021）， pp. 8173-8206.
2 Pan X.， Chen W. & Sheng Z. et al.， “Implications of near-term mitigation on China’s long-term energy transitions for aligning with the Paris goals，” Energy Economics， Vol. 90 （2020）， pp. 4865-4873.
3 Wang M.， Yao M. & Wang S. et al.， “Study of the emissions and spatial distributions of various power-generation technologies in China，” Journal of Environmental Management， Vol. 278， No. 1 （2021）， pp. 1401-1412.
4 Zhou Z.， Wu W. & Chen Q. et al.， “Study on sustainable development of rural household energy in northern China，” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews， Vol. 12， No. 8 （2008）， pp. 2227-2239.
5 张晓萌、魏楚： 《发展南方城市供暖：高质量发展的一个新思路》，《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2021年第6期，第167-186页。
6 Martinez D. M. & Ebenhack B. W.， “Understanding the role of energy consumption in human development through the use of saturation phenomena，” Energy Policy， Vol. 36， No. 4 （2008）， pp. 1430-1435.
7 Yamasaki E. & Tominaga N.， “Evolution of an aging society and effect on residential energy demand，” Energy Policy， Vol. 25， No. 11 （1997）， pp. 903-912.
8 Pavanello F.， Cian E. D. & Davide M. et al.， “Air-conditioning and the adaptation cooling deficit in emerging economies，” Nature Communications， Vol. 12， No. 1 （2021）， pp. 1467-1478.
9 Neves C. & Oliveira T.， “Drivers of consumers’ change to an energy-efficient heating appliance （EEHA） in households： evidence from five European countries，” Applied Energy， Vol. 298 （2021）， pp. 7165-7180.
10 Munankarmi P.， Maguire J. & Balamurugan S. P. et al.， “Community-scale interaction of energy efficiency and demand flexibility in residential buildings，” Applied Energy， Vol. 298 （2021）， pp. 7149-7160.
11 Nielsen K. S.， Nicholas K. A. & Creutzig F. et al.， “The role of high-socioeconomic-status people in locking in or rapidly reducing energy-driven greenhouse gas emissions，” Nature Energy， Vol. 6 （2021）， pp. 1011-1016.
12 González-Eguino M.， “Energy poverty： an overview，” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews， Vol. 47 （2015）， pp. 377-385.
13 Nussbaumer P.， Bazilian M. & Modi V.， “Measuring energy poverty： focusing on what matters，” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews， Vol. 16， No. 1 （2012）， pp. 231-243.
14 Moreau V. & Vuille F.， “Decoupling energy use and economic growth： counter evidence from structural effects and embodied energy in trade，” Applied Energy， Vol. 215 （2018）， pp. 54-62.
15 Xu M.， Qin Z. & Zhang S.， “Carbon dioxide mitigation co-effect analysis of clean air policies： lessons and perspectives in China’s Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region，” Environmental Research Letters， Vol. 16， No. 1 （2020）， pp. 1748-9326.
16 苗韧、周伏秋、胡秀莲等： 《中国能源可持续发展综合评价研究》，《中国软科学》2013年第4期，第17-25页。
17 徐政、左晟吉、丁守海： 《碳达峰、碳中和赋能高质量发展：内在逻辑与实现路径》，《经济学家》2021年第11期，第62-71页。
18 陈昌盛、许伟、兰宗敏等： 《“十四五”时期中国发展内外部环境研究》，《管理世界》第2020年第10期，第1-14页。
19 Kerimray A.， Rojas-Solorzano L. & Torkmahalleh M. A. et al.， “Coal use for residential heating： patterns， health implications and lessons learned，” Energy for Sustainable Development， Vol. 40， No. 10 （2017）， pp. 19-30.
20 Wang Xiaohua， Li K. & Li H. et al.， “Research on China’s rural household energy consumption—household investigation of typical counties in 8 economic zones，” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews， Vol. 68 （2017）， pp. 28-32.
21 Liu L.， “Major issues and solutions in the management system of space heating system in North China，” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews， Vol. 49， No. 9 （2015）， pp. 221-231.
22 Olonscheck M.， Holsten A. & Kropp J.P.， “Heating and cooling energy demand and related emissions of the German residential building stock under climate change，” Energy Policy， Vol. 39， No.9 （2011）， pp. 4795-4806.
23 Michelsen C. & Madlener R.， “Homeowners’ preferences for adopting residential heating systems： a discrete choice analysis for Germany，” Energy Economics， Vol. 34， No. 5 （2012）， pp. 1271-1283.
24 International Energy Agency， “World Energy Outlook 2019，” https：//www.iea.org/events/world-energy-outlook-2019， 2021-06-04.
25 Balvedi B. F.， Ghisi E. & Lamberts R.， “A review of occupant behaviour in residential buildings，” Energy and Buildings， Vol. 174， No. 9 （2018）， pp. 495-505.
26 Broin E. O.， Nassen J. & Johnsson F.， “Energy efficiency policies for space heating in EU countries： a panel data analysis for the period 1990-2010，” Applied Energy， Vol. 150 （2015）， pp. 211-223.
27 ürge-Vorsatz D.， Cabeza L.F. & Serrano S. et al.， “Heating and cooling energy trends and drivers in buildings，” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews， Vol. 41 （2015）， pp. 85-98.
28 van Ruijven B. J.， Cian E. D. & Wing I. S. et al.， “Amplification of future energy demand growth due to climate change，” Nature Communications， Vol. 10， No. 1 （2019）， pp. 1467-1479.
29 Jiang L.， Chen X. & Xue B.， “Features， driving forces and transition of the household energy consumption in China： a review，” Sustainability， Vol. 11， No. 4 （2019）， pp. 1186-1206.
30 Iwaro J. & Mwasha A.， “A review of building energy regulation and policy for energy conservation in developing countries，” Energy Policy， Vol. 38， No. 12 （2010）， pp. 7744-7755.
31 Zheng X.， Wei C. & Qin P. et al.， “Characteristics of residential energy consumption in China： findings from a household survey，” Energy Policy， Vol. 75 （2014）， pp. 126-135.
32 周宏春、李长征、周春等： 《中国建筑节能年度发展研究报告2019》，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2019年。
33 周宏春、李长征、周春等： 《中国建筑节能年度发展研究报告2021》，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2021年。
34 汪涛、张家明、刘炳胜： 《国家可持续发展议程创新示范区评价指标体系研究》，《中国人口·资源与环境》2020年第12期，第17-26页。
35 李慷、王科、王亚璇： 《中国区域能源贫困综合评价》，《北京理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2014第2期，第1-12页。 |
|
|
|
2022, Vol. 52 
