In recent years, China's conception of international order has been a hot topic among scholars at home and abroad. However, few scholars have systematically looked into China's knowledge of the component elements of an equitable and reasonable international order as well as the interrelation among them. In fact, for an all-round understanding of China's conception of international order, it is of great significance to clarify how China understands the component elements and the interrelation among them in such an order. Since the reform and opening up, China has always expressed her expectation and pursuit of an equitable and reasonable international order either in government published political documents or her leaders' important speeches. Essentially, an equitable and reasonable international order in China's vision is an intrinsic unity consisted of such components as sovereign states, pluralistic civilization views, multi-polarization, multilateralism, new security concepts and so on. Sovereign states are the foundation of an equitable and reasonable international order, and respect for sovereign equality is an essential guiding principle for building up an equitable and reasonable international order. The reason for this is that sovereign equality is one of the important principles of international law, not only the most important norms regulating mutual relations among states, but also the fundamental guarantee for equal coexistence among nations, big or small, in international society. While accepting the diversity of civilizations is the logical result of respecting sovereign equality, for respecting sovereign equality means every country has equal rights and duties, and is free to choose its own social system and development road, regardless of economic, social, political or other differences. Promoting multi-polarization is not only a prerequisite to maintaining sovereignty independence and the basic principles of international law, but also an important way to weaken and control U.S. hegemonism, promote democratization of international relations and build up an equitable and reasonable new international political and economic order. To participate in multilateralism is not only beneficial for promoting multi-polarization and democratization of international relations, but also helpful in enhancing China's international image as a responsible country, and promoting the reform of the existing international order towards building up an equitable and reasonable one. Advocating new security concept not only embodies respecting the rights for each state to equally engage in international and regional security matters, but being helpful in strengthening mutual trust between countries and common security, an important way to promote establishing a harmonious world. In order to lead global governance system towards a more equitable and reasonable direction, China has adopted policies of combining realism with liberalism. On one hand, China has actively integrated into the existing international order and participated in most of its international institutions since the reform and opening up. On the other hand, to improve global governance capability, China has made efforts to promote the reform of the unjust and unreasonable arrangements in the existing order, and tried to build up new international systems in the fields ignored by the existing international systems or beyond the governance of such systems. Therefore, China is not only an active participant and maintainer in today's international order, but also a reformer of the existing international order as well as a founder of an equitable and reasonable international order.