After the Anti-Japanese War thoroughly broke out， the community rethought and reviewed the problems in the implementation of the new education and explored the possible path of the education reform. The intellectuals put forward the proposals of increasing Chinese culture knowledge， cultivating national consciousness， strengthening science education， implementing civic education and building modern nation-state. Chiang Kai-shek gave eleven personal orders successively instructing the Ministry of Education to restore the old morals， construct national morality with traditional ethic and cultural resources and construct rural-centered society based on political education. Promoted by the appeals of reform and the instructions of Chiang Kai-shek， the Ministry of Education actively explored the curriculum reform in the national special historical period and constructed modern nation-state identity under the policy of ″military resistance and national reconstruction″. The curriculum imagination of different social stratums and forces reflected the different paths and views of nation-state construction during the Anti-Japanese War.