With three decades of reform and opening up , China's rural reform and development has made great achievements . The world has undergone profound changes , which China is also experiencing in its rural economy and society . There are many conditions favorable for rural reform and development , but there are difficulties and challenges to face as well . At present , speeding up the modernization of agriculture is extremely important for the integrated development of China . Specifically , modernization of agriculture means attaching great importance to the following aspects : protect farmland and water resources;improve the agricultural infrastructure;promote agricultural science and technology;improve the agricultural market system , protection system and organizational system;and to turn farmers into literate people who have technical know-how and modern management skills . Urbanization can not solve all the issues related to″agriculture , countryside and farmers″;it must go hand in hand with building a new countryside . The current situation in China determines that its agricultural modernization must be based on small-scale family farming instead of blindly following the pattern of developed countries .An analysis of the true nature of the modernization of China must take the real situation into serious consideration so that we can decide a road of development accordingly .