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浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)  2009, Vol. 39 Issue (3): 140-    DOI:
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《左传》名词“活用”情况的调查与分析
The Investigation and Analysis of "the Flexible Use' of the Nouns in Zuozhuan

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摘要 

枟左传枠共出现可活用作动词的名词 89个 ,使用次数共 227例。名词的意义类型有军事、制度、器具、服饰、人伦、植物、方位等 11个大类。活用与本用在意义上的关联也呈现多样化的特点 ,并在语用上满足了先秦文本表达的特殊需要。由此可见 ,在古汉语尤其是先秦汉语中 ,活用是一个常见而有特殊价值的言语现象 ,也是训诂学以及古汉语教学应该重视的现象。

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池昌海
关键词 《左传》名词活用兼类    
Abstract

Flexibility of the part of speech is a very common and important linguistic phenomenon in ancient Chinese. The author aimed to describe and probe into it by investigating the flexible use of the nouns in Zuozhuan which is a large-scale literature in the Pre-Qin Dynasty. In Zuozhuan, there are 89 nouns which occasionally offend their routine grammatical characteristics and are flexibly used as verbs, adverbs, etc. for as many as 227 times. These nouns have the following characteristics: On the grammatical aspect,they have evident structural characteristics when they are flexibly used as other parts of speech occasionally. On the semantic aspect, there are inseparable relations between the meanings of the nouns before and after flexible use. They can be summarized into derivation, metonymy and metaphor. On the pragmatic aspect, the flexible use of nouns has special expressive functions, which are intensively embodied in styles, personal characteristics and contexts. By investigating the flexible use of the nouns in Zuozhuan,it can be concluded that "flexibility of the part of speech" is a special grammatical phenomenon that originated from and accommodated the characteristics of Chinese language. It is evidently different from the combination of the parts of speech, interchangeability of words and read. It is one of the important structural methods of ancient Chinese, especially in the Pre-Qin Dynasty, and has special grammatical functions which are different from the flexible use for rhetorical effect in contemporary Chinese. It is important to scientifically describe it to know the characteristics of ancient Chinese, to read ancient literature and to understand the traditional culture.

    
引用本文:   
池昌海. 《左传》名词“活用”情况的调查与分析[J]. 浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2009, 39(3): 140-.
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https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/     或     https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/Y2009/V39/I3/140
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