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浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)  2021, Vol. 51 Issue (3): 143-152    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-942X.CN33-6000/C.2020.12.211
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论汉字书写对思维方式的影响
金健人1,2
1.浙江越秀外国语学院 东北亚研究中心,浙江 绍兴 312000
2.浙江大学 中国语言文学系,浙江 杭州 310058
Influences of Chinese Character Writing on the Way of Thinking
Jin Jianren1,2
1.Northeast Asia Research Center, Zhejiang Yuexiu University of Foreign Languages, Shaoxing 312000, China
2.Department of Chinese Language and Literature, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058, China

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摘要 学界历来都非常重视文字和语言对思维方式的影响,其实书写方式对思维方式的影响更大。动态的文字是记录和传播,动态的语言是表达和交流。历史地看,文字和语言都必须完成于书写才能存留下来。材料、工具、对象之不同直接造成记录、表达、传播之不同,由此形成思维方式发展之不同路向。简重帛贵、字形复杂、刻录艰难等因素造成了中国古代片段的、摘要式的书写方式,形成了跳跃的、富于阐释空间的文本样式,发展了中国“直觉慧悟”的辩证思维方式。由此也从另一个方面证明,作为中华民族之根的汉字和汉语,在现代思维功能方面与其他文字语言并无不同。
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Abstract:The root difference between Chinese and Western thinking modes has usually been attributed to the difference between Chinese and Western languages, i.e. to the difference between Chinese characters and alphabetic words. In fact, the modern Chinese character system is the same as the alphabetic system in that both of them have an established arbitrary relationship between the signifier and the signified. Furthermore, paratactic Chinese has the same function as hypotactic Western languages though they have different structures. That is to say, the languages and their writing systems are not the main causes of the difference between Chinese and Western ways of thinking, and Chinese characters and Chinese language are not the root causes of Modern China’s backwardness and suffering beatings neither.However, it was the way of writing that became the initial condition for the difference between Chinese and Western thinking modes. To be exact, it was the different limitations of writing objects, tools and materials of Chinese and Western languages that caused the difference. In ancient China, writings of intricate shapes of complicated radicals, tortuous strokes and changeable postures on oracle bones and seals were never easy. It was difficult to handle the soft writing brushes and freshly ground ink and even more difficult to write on wooden and bamboo slips. Compared with the Western way of writing in the corresponding period, Western people had already had hard-tipped pens, papyrus and parchment, which could basically meet the needs of writing of their alphabetic scripts. The speed and capacity of ancient Chinese writing, which lagged behind thinking seriously, could only record the results of thinking, but hardly the thinking process and thinking itself. Therefore, what people could see in later generations was mostly aphorisms, which resulted in a fragmentary and abstract-style writing type, and formed a jumping text style full of interpretation indeterminacies. This type of writing strengthened the expressive ways of analogy, example, comparison, symbol, metaphor and fable based on the characteristics of objects, and naturally formed the Chinese thinking mode of intuition, insight, wisdom and integration of everything in the universe, which was completely different from the Western thinking mode based on concepts, definitions, reasoning and deduction. The limitations of writing conditions thus discouraged Chinese people from formal thinking, analytical thinking, and mechanical thinking, but encouraged them to adopt dialectical thinking, holistic thinking, and organic thinking.The emergence and gradual popularization of paper broke off the restriction of heavy bamboo slips and precious silk as the materials of writing, and as a result China began to surpass the West in the way of writing. But why there had been few professional, logical and systematic works in China as it was in the Western countries until the end of the Qing Dynasty? This is because the way of writing is only one of the necessary conditions for shaping the way of thinking and cannot constitute its necessary and sufficient condition. Other important factors like social politics, history and culture are also involved in the necessary conditions. Since modern times, increasingly frequent exchanges between China and the Western countries have affected the use of Chinese characters and the development of Chinese language itself, and have been interacting with the Chinese way of thinking. After absorbing some grammar and expressions of Western languages, modern Chinese has now become an international language, which in principle can be translated into any foreign language and vice versa, i. e. it is easy to use any language to express Chinese thinking. A language is not a stereotyped product, but a kind of activity and a living organism. It not only presupposes people’s living conditions, helps or limits people’s understanding and grasp of the world, but also changes itself to adapt to and meet people’s needs. The different effects of different language characteristics on thinking mainly occur in people’s subconsciousness. Once people know the strengths and weaknesses of their own language, it will inevitably lead them to change their language, which in turn will bring about changes of their ways of thinking. To explore the initial causes of the differences between Chinese and Western ways of thinking can restore the innocence of Chinese characters and endow them with the same modern legitimacy as all other languages.
收稿日期: 2020-12-21     
基金资助:浙江省重大新兴交叉项目(20XXJC04ZD)
作者简介: 金健人(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9194-9910),男,浙江越秀外国语学院东北亚研究中心教授,浙江大学中国语言文学系教授,博士生导师,主要从事文学原理、叙事学、东亚文化研;
引用本文:   
金健人. 论汉字书写对思维方式的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2021, 51(3): 143-152. Jin Jianren. Influences of Chinese Character Writing on the Way of Thinking. JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY, 2021, 51(3): 143-152.
链接本文:  
https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-942X.CN33-6000/C.2020.12.211     或     https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/Y2021/V51/I3/143
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