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浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)  2024, Vol. 54 Issue (10): 21-38    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-942X.CN33-6000/C.2024.05.271
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“收之桑榆,失之东隅”:农业人口老龄化真能激励农户的农机服务采纳?
仇童伟, 乔之芊
南京农业大学 经济管理学院,江苏 南京 210095
Can Farming Population Aging Encourage Farmers’ Adoption of Agricultural Mechanization Services?
Qiu Tongwei, Qiao Zhiqian
College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China

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摘要 农村青壮年劳动力大规模流出及其诱发的农业人口老龄化,正在成为制约中国农业可持续发展及粮食安全的重要因素。在此过程中衍生的农机服务充当着重要的劳动替代型要素。然而,研究发现,农业人口老龄化显著降低了农户的农机服务采用率及农机服务作业面积占比。机制分析表明,农业劳动力机会成本的增加以及农地流转的市场化发展均加剧了农业人口老龄化对农户农机服务采纳的抑制作用。进一步分析显示,农业人口老龄化提高了农户转出农地和抛荒农地的可能性,并减少了农作物播种面积及粮食播种面积;农村养老保险体系的完善及要素市场化水平的提高都会强化农业人口老龄化与农机服务间的负相关关系。由此表明,农业人口老龄化在当前并不必然增加农户的农机服务需求,农业要素配置机会成本的变化使得农机服务的需求主体正在发生转换,政策方向需要及时作出调整。
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仇童伟
乔之芊
关键词 农机服务农业人口老龄化农业劳动力机会成本农地流转市场化    
Abstract:In recent years, the sharp rise in agricultural production costs, particularly labor costs, has driven up a significant demand for labor-saving alternatives in China. This need is especially urgent given the ongoing aging of the agricultural workforce. For labor-intensive tasks in agriculture, mechanization appears to be a necessary response to the challenges posed by farming population aging (FPA). Agricultural mechanization services (AMS) are particularly appealing because they reduce the sunk costs associated with owning agricultural machinery for small farmers, thereby enhancing their access to such equipment. Moreover, AMS have a greater impact on improving agricultural productivity than self-owned machinery.The central question is whether the FPA will inevitably increase farmers’ demand for AMS. Logically, FPA could either heighten farmers’ demand for labor-saving AMS or decrease their demand by altering their factor allocation decisions. To investigate into the relationship between FPA and AMS, this article undertakes two key tasks. First, using data from the 2017-2021 China Household Finance Survey, the instrumental variable method is employed to identify the impact of FPA on farmers’ adoption of AMS. Second, the study examines why the effect of FPA on AMS development shifts over time, focusing on labor opportunity costs and market-oriented land transfers.The estimated results indicate that FPA significantly reduces both the adoption rate of AMS among farmers and the proportion of land area managed using AMS. Mechanism analysis reveals that rising opportunity costs of agricultural labor and the development of market-oriented land transfers exacerbate the inhibitory effect of FPA on AMS adoption. Further analysis suggests that improvements in the rural social security system and increased factor marketization intensify the negative correlation between FPA and AMS.The contributions of this article are twofold. First, it is the first to explore the inherent logic of how FPA suppresses farmers’ adoption of AMS. Internationally, scholars have primarily focused on how factors such as AMS prices, rural-urban migration, opportunity costs of agricultural labor, and the aging rural population motivate farmers to adopt AMS. However, there has been little exploration into the alternative behavioral choices induced by FPA and their inhibitory effects on AMS adoption. Particularly in the context of global population aging and the intensification of FPA, the development of AMS plays a crucial role in maintaining sustainable agricultural development, ensuring food security, and improving labor productivity. Yet, the combined effects of global population aging and FPA could exacerbate food shortages in developing countries. Second, this article offers valuable insights for future policy-making related to the development of the AMS market and timely responses to changes in market demand. As the Chinese government focuses on promoting AMS development, the evolving characteristics and demands of AMS market participants will impose new requirements on market supply, playing a critical role in shaping the supply mechanisms of the AMS market.The policy implications of this article are threefold. First, optimizing the implementation mechanisms of agricultural and operator subsidies is crucial to improving the labor productivity of active agricultural operators. Second, efforts should be made to accelerate the establishment of a reasonable land rent formation mechanism to prevent excessive marketization or inflated land transfer pricing, which could cause farmers to exit agricultural production prematurely and destabilize the AMS market and agricultural management system. Third, it is essential to expedite plans to enhance the quality of domestic agricultural machinery and establish regional multi-center specialized AMS organizations to mitigate the impacts of FPA.
Key wordsagricultural mechanization services    farming population aging    opportunity cost of agricultural labor    land rental marketization   
收稿日期: 2024-05-27     
基金资助:国家社科基金重大项目(22&ZD084);国家自科基金青年项目(42401202);中国博士后科学基金项目(2021M702701)
作者简介: 仇童伟(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6691-4508),男,南京农业大学经济管理学院副教授,硕士生导师,管理学博士,主要从事农业经济管理研究;乔之芊(https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0390-5673),女,南京农业大学经济管理学院硕士研究生,主要从事农业经济管理研究;
引用本文:   
仇童伟, 乔之芊. “收之桑榆,失之东隅”:农业人口老龄化真能激励农户的农机服务采纳?[J]. 浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2024, 54(10): 21-38. Qiu Tongwei, Qiao Zhiqian. Can Farming Population Aging Encourage Farmers’ Adoption of Agricultural Mechanization Services?. JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY, 2024, 54(10): 21-38.
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https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-942X.CN33-6000/C.2024.05.271     或     https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/Y2024/V54/I10/21
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