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浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)  2024, Vol. 54 Issue (8): 33-52    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-942X.CN33-6000/C.2023.10.181
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全要素生产率产业差异对城乡收入差距的影响:基于收敛性的视角
陆文聪1,2, 林立1,2
1.浙江大学 中国农村发展研究院,浙江 杭州 310058
2.浙江大学 公共管理学院,浙江 杭州 310058
The Impact of Total Factor Productivity Industry Differences on the Rural-Urban Income Gap: From the Perspective of Convergence
Lu Wencong1,2, Lin Li1,2
1.China Academy of Rural Development, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2.School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

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摘要 逐步缩小城乡收入差距是实现乡村振兴和共同富裕的必然要求。基于收敛性视角,研究发现:中国城乡收入差距和全要素生产率产业差异呈现出显著的β收敛趋势,且σ收敛结果也表明两者皆实现了优化型收敛,但2015年后全要素生产率产业差异的收敛速度有所减缓;全要素生产率产业差异与城乡收入差距同方向收敛,全要素生产率产业差异越大,城乡收入差距就越大;全要素生产率产业差异显著减缓了城乡收入差距的收敛速度,不利于中国城乡收入差距的不断收窄。从产业层面来看,加快提高农业全要素生产率,缩小甚至是消除其与工业、服务业全要素生产率的效率差异,是缩小城乡收入差距的关键。从区域层面来看,需继续实施工业反哺农业、城市支持农村的发展战略。
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陆文聪
林立
关键词 城乡收入差距全要素生产率产业差异β收敛收敛性分析    
Abstract:Gradually narrowing the urban-rural income gap is imperative for achieving rural revitalization and common prosperity. Common prosperity necessitates the overall economic development, emphasizing both efficiency concerns such as economic growth and equity issues like income inequality. This study employs panel data spanning from 2008 to 2021, encompassing 280 Chinese cities at prefecture-level and above. Initially, it gauges the disparity in total factor productivity (TFP) between industry and agriculture, as well as between the service industry and agriculture, alongside the urban-rural income gap in China. This evaluation utilizes the nonparametric Malmquist index method and the Theil index, respectively. Subsequently, the study empirically assesses TFP industry disparities and the urban-rural income gap through β-test and σ-test methodologies, respectively. Furthermore, it empirically investigates the direct influence of TFP industry disparities on the urban-rural income gap, and the marginal impact of TFP industry disparity convergence on the rate of urban-rural income gap convergence in each city, adopting the systematic generalized method of moments estimation (SYS-GMM model) from a convergence perspective. By integrating TFP industry disparities and the urban-rural income gap into a unified analytical framework, this paper addresses the limitations of previous research, which predominantly analyzed TFP convergence and its impact on the urban-rural income gap solely within individual industries or on an aggregate level.The study’s findings indicate several significant observations: (1) Both nationally and regionally, from 2008 to 2021, the average disparity in total factor productivity (TFP) between the service sector and agriculture surpasses that between industry and agriculture. Concurrently, a consistent downward trend in both the ratio of per capita disposable income for urban and rural residents and the Theil Index suggests a gradual reduction in China’s urban-rural income gap. (2) The urban-rural income gap and disparities in total factor productivity exhibit robust trends of β-convergence. Further σ-convergence tests employing coefficient of variation (CV) affirm an optimization-type convergence in both TFP disparities and the urban-rural income gap. (3) The pace of convergence in total factor productivity disparities notably slows post-2015. (4) Total factor productivity industry disparities, from a convergence perspective, exacerbate the urban-rural income gap and escalate urban-rural income inequality. This conclusion is corroborated in further robustness tests incorporating variable replacements, estimation method replacements, alterations in sample time intervals, and additional control variables. (5) The industrial disparity in total factor productivity significantly impedes the convergence of the urban-rural income gap, hindering its continuous narrowing.Based on the aforementioned conclusions, the study yields several policy insights: At the industrial level, there’s a necessity to enhance the price formation mechanism for land transfer, facilitating the orderly transfer and aggregation of land to enable large-scale agricultural operations and boost agricultural productivity. Concurrently, leveraging industrial integration, comprehensive management of agricultural resources should be vigorously pursued, extending the agricultural industry chain to elevate agricultural value-added, thereby enhancing agricultural productivity. At the regional level, governmental focus should be directed towards supporting cities and regions with significant industrial disparities. This entails creating a policy and institutional framework conducive to sustainable long-term development, while also fostering more non-farm employment opportunities for agricultural laborers. Additionally, emphasis should be placed on strengthening agricultural industrial integration, advancing agricultural modernization, and augmenting agricultural productivity to achieve notable growth and effectively narrow the urban-rural income gap across cities and regions.
Key wordsurban-rural income gap    total factor productivity    industry disparities    β-convergence    convergence analysis   
收稿日期: 2023-10-18     
作者简介: 陆文聪(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2555-4611),男,浙江大学中国农村发展研究院、浙江大学公共管理学院教授,博士生导师,主要从事数量经济分析及农业发展与政策研究;;林立(https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0900-5537),男,浙江大学中国农村发展研究院、浙江大学公共管理学院博士研究生,主要从事城乡收入分配、生产率与农业经济学研究;
引用本文:   
陆文聪, 林立. 全要素生产率产业差异对城乡收入差距的影响:基于收敛性的视角[J]. 浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2024, 54(8): 33-52. Lu Wencong, Lin Li. The Impact of Total Factor Productivity Industry Differences on the Rural-Urban Income Gap: From the Perspective of Convergence. JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY, 2024, 54(8): 33-52.
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https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-942X.CN33-6000/C.2023.10.181     或     https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/Y2024/V54/I8/33
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