How Does the Impact of Corporate Emission Reduction Demand Induce Green Innovation at Universities? ——— From the Perspective of Industry-University Integration
Wu Yinglong1, Zeng Shirong1, Shen Manhong2, Hu Zitao3
1.Economics School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China 2.Ecological Civilization Research Institute / Research Academy for Rural Revitalization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China 3.Business School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
Abstract:The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasizes the need to accelerate the transformation of the development pattern to a green one and the implementation of innovation-driven development strategy. This further highlights the importance of green innovation in the national strategy. Universities are an important part of China’s innovation system, and it is crucial to stimulate the vitality of green innovation at universities. Existing research has mainly focused on the positive impact of green innovation at universities on corporate performance, overlooking the dynamic response of green innovation at universities to corporate demand. Does the emission reduction demand of corporations affect green innovation at universities? What are the pathways involved? And what are the moderating factors? Based on a quasi-natural experiment on the policy of specific emission limits for atmospheric pollutants, this study utilizes internal R&D data and green patent data from universities to construct a difference-in-differences model, so as to investigate the impact of corporate emission reduction demand on university-level green innovation and analyzes the pathways and moderating factors involved. The main findings are as follows: First, the impact of corporate emission reduction demand will induce green innovation at universities. This fundamental conclusion remains unchanged even after robustness tests, including the exclusion of other policies’ interference, clustering robust standard error at different levels, changing green innovation measurement indicators, and selecting sample data. Second, industry-university integration is an important pathway through which the impact of corporate emission reduction demand induces green innovation at universities. Specifically, corporate emission reduction demand not only facilitates collaborative R&D between enterprises and universities but also promotes technology transactions between them. Third, the maturity of the technology market and the degree of government guidance are key moderating variables affecting the green innovation at universities. They can enhance the positive impact of corporate emission reduction demand on green innovation at universities. This study has two main contributions. First, it offers an innovative research perspective. Current researches tend to explore the unidirectional path from university research to industry-university integration, ultimately influencing corporate green performance, while overlooking the impact of corporate technological demand on green innovation at universities. From the perspective of the universities, this study fills this research gap by examining the impact of corporate emission reduction demand on green innovation at universities. Second, it presents innovative research content. This study explores the theoretical mechanisms through which corporate emission reduction demand affects green innovation at universities and empirically tests the two mechanisms of industry-university integration, i.e., collaborative R&D and technology transactions. Furthermore, it analyzes the moderating effects of the maturity of the technology market and the degree of government guidance, enriching the current research on industry-university integration.
吴应龙, 曾诗蓉, 沈满洪, 胡子韬. 企业减排需求冲击何以诱致高校绿色创新?[J]. 浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2024, 54(2): 41-59.
Wu Yinglong, Zeng Shirong, Shen Manhong, Hu Zitao. How Does the Impact of Corporate Emission Reduction Demand Induce Green Innovation at Universities? ——— From the Perspective of Industry-University Integration. JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY, 2024, 54(2): 41-59.
1 Schmookler J., Invention and Economic Growth, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1966. 2 易巍、龙小宁: 《中国版Bayh-Dole Act促进高校创新吗?》,《经济学(季刊)》2021年第2期,第671-692页。 3 Cozzi G. & Galli S., “Should the government protect its basic research?” Economics Letters, Vol. 157 (2017), pp. 122-124. 4 庄芹芹、吴滨、洪群联: 《市场导向的绿色技术创新体系:理论内涵、实践探索与推进策略》,《经济学家》2020年第11期,第29-38页。 5 郑志刚: 《研究偏好的信息不对称、逆向选择与最优学制设计》,《世界经济》2010年第12期,第105-118页。 6 唐明凤、李巧华、蔡继鸣: 《我国“杜拜法规”对高校专利与许可的影响研究》,《软科学》2014年第4期,第135-139页。 7 郑文全: 《剩余收益能够间接分享吗?——基于终身教职制度性质的系统解释》,《管理世界》2014年第2期,第44-67,187页。 8 Fong P. S. W., Chang X. & Chen Q., “Faculty patent assignment in the Chinese mainland: evidence from the top 35 patent application universities,” The Journal of Technology Transfer, Vol. 43, No. 1 (2018), pp. 69-95. 9 Chang X., Chen Q. & Deli C. et al., “Economic incentives in Chinese university: is a higher inventor share rate more effective?” Academy of Management, Vol. 2016, No. 1 (2016), https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.11796abstract. 10 梁文艳、周晔馨、于洪霞: 《社会资本与大学教师学术创新能力研究》,《经济研究》2019年第11期,第133-148页。 11 余泳泽: 《创新要素集聚、政府支持与科技创新效率——基于省域数据的空间面板计量分析》,《经济评论》2011年第2期,第93-101页。 12 于志军、杨昌辉、白羽等: 《成果类型视角下高校创新效率及影响因素研究》,《科研管理》2017年第5期,第141-149页。 13 Bachmann P. & Frutos-Bencze D., “R&D and innovation efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of universities,” Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, Vol. 7, No. 4 (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2022.100238. 14 Song Y., Zhang J. & Song Y. et al., “Can industry-university-research collaborative innovation efficiency reduce carbon emissions?” Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 157 (2020), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120094. 15 Yin S., Zhang N. & Li B., “Enhancing the competitiveness of multi-agent cooperation for green manufacturing in China: an empirical study of the measure of green technology innovation capabilities and their influencing factors,” Sustainable Production and Consumption, Vol. 23 (2020), pp. 63-76. 16 尹建华、双琦: 《CEO学术经历对企业绿色创新的驱动效应——环境注意力配置与产学研合作赋能双重视角》,《科技进步与对策》2023年第3期,第141-151页。 17 Etzkowitz H. & Leydesdorff L., “The Triple Helix—university-industry-government relations: a laboratory for knowledge based economic development,” EASST Review, Vol. 14, No. 1 (1995), pp. 14-19. 18 肖汉杰、于法稳、唐洪雷等: 《低碳环境友好技术政产学研金协同创新演化博弈研究》,《运筹与管理》2021年第10期,第39-46页。 19 陈恒、杨志、祁凯: 《多方博弈情景下政产学研绿色技术创新联盟稳定性研究》,《运筹与管理》2021年第12期,第108-114页。 20 Chesbrough H. W., Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology, Boston: Harvard Business Press, 2003. 21 汪明月、李颖明、王子彤: 《绿色技术创新产学研金介协同的内在机理研究——一个分析框架》,《生态经济》2021年第11期,第31-39页。 22 杨国忠、刘希: 《政产学合作绿色技术创新的演化博弈分析》,《工业技术经济》2017年第1期,第132-140页。 23 李旭: 《绿色创新相关研究的梳理与展望》,《研究与发展管理》2015年第2期,第1-11页。 24 周密、刘秉镰、盛玉雪: 《创新过程、创新环境及其跨层级交互作用对创新的影响效应研究——基于知识生产函数的两阶层线性模型分析》,《财经研究》2013年第3期,第4-18页。 25 Lazzarotti V. & Manzini R., “Different modes of open innovation: a theoretical framework and an empirical study,” International Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 13, No. 4 (2009), pp. 615-636. 26 陈钰芬、陈劲: 《开放式创新促进创新绩效的机理研究》,《科研管理》2009年第4期,第1-9,28页。 27 高良谋、马文甲: 《开放式创新:内涵、框架与中国情境》,《管理世界》2014年第6期,第157-169页。 28 吴洁、车晓静、盛永祥等: 《基于三方演化博弈的政产学研协同创新机制研究》,《中国管理科学》2019年第1期,第162-173页。 29 Galushko V. & Sagynbekov K., “Commercialization of university research in Canada: what can we do better?” International Journal of Business Administration, Vol. 5, No. 5 (2014), https://doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v5n5p1. 30 原毅军、孙大明: 《FDI技术溢出、自主研发与合作研发的比较——基于制造业技术升级的视角》,《科学学研究》2017年第9期,第1334-1347页。 31 靳瑞杰、江旭: 《高校科技成果转化“路在何方”?——基于过程性视角的转化渠道研究》,《科学学与科学技术管理》2019年第12期,第35-57页。 32 姚潇颖、卫平、李健: 《产学研合作模式及其影响因素的异质性研究——基于中国战略新兴产业的微观调查数据》,《科研管理》2017年第8期,第1-10页。 33 王文岩、孙福全、申强: 《产学研合作模式的分类、特征及选择》,《中国科技论坛》2008年第5期,第37-40页。 34 Laursen K. & Salter A., “Open for innovation: the role of openness in explaining innovation performance among UK manufacturing firms,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 27, No. 2 (2006), pp. 131-150. 35 Bahemia H. & Squire B., “A contingent perspective of open innovation in new product development projects,” International Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 14, No. 4 (2010), pp. 603-627. 36 邵汉华、王瑶、罗俊: 《技术市场发展促进了产学研深度融合吗?》,《管理评论》2022年第11期,第99-108页。 37 Hayter C. S., “Constraining entrepreneurial development: a knowledge-based view of social networks among academic entrepreneurs,” Research Policy, Vol. 45, No. 2 (2016), pp. 475-490. 38 Clayton P., Feldman M. & Lowe N., “Behind the scenes: intermediary organizations that facilitate science commercialization through entrepreneurship,” Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 32, No. 1 (2018), https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2016.0133. 39 Li J. J., Poppo L. & Zhou K. Z., “Relational mechanisms, formal contracts, and local knowledge acquisition by international subsidiaries,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 31, No. 4 (2010), pp. 349-370. 40 Mora-Valentín E. M. & Ortiz-de-Urbina-Criado M., “Improving the effectiveness of academic-business models: an analysis of obstacles in R&D activities in service industries,” Service Business, Vol. 3 (2009), pp. 395-413. 41 黄劲松、刘勇: 《中国高校研究者的产学研合作倾向研究》,《科学学研究》2013年第11期,第1649-1655页。 42 齐绍洲、林屾、崔静波: 《环境权益交易市场能否诱发绿色创新?——基于我国上市公司绿色专利数据的证据》,《经济研究》2018年第12期,第129-143页。 43 王班班、齐绍洲: 《市场型和命令型政策工具的节能减排技术创新效应——基于中国工业行业专利数据的实证》,《中国工业经济》2016年第6期,第91-108页。 44 屈小博、吕佳宁: 《大学教育质量与劳动力市场表现——基于工资回报的分析》,《经济学动态》2020年第2期,第30-44页。 45 江艇、孙鲲鹏、聂辉华: 《城市级别、全要素生产率和资源错配》,《管理世界》2018年第3期,第38-50,77,183页。 46 宋弘、孙雅洁、陈登科: 《政府空气污染治理效应评估——来自中国“低碳城市”建设的经验研究》,《管理世界》2019年第6期,第95-108,195页。 47 Zhang X., Yang Y. & Wen J., “Are ICT and CO2 emissions always a win-win situation? evidence from universal telecommunication service in China,” Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 428 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.139262. 48 杨永亮、王维、覃琼霞: 《跨界流域生态补偿与受偿县域经济增长——基于新安江第三轮生态补偿的准自然实验》,《中国环境科学》,2023年12月12日,https://doi.org/10.19674/j.cnki.issn1000-6923.20231211.009,2023年10月25日。 49 Jacobson L. S., LaLonde R. J. & Sullivan D. G., “Earnings losses of displaced workers,” American Economic Review, Vol. 83, No. 4 (1993), pp. 685-709. 50 Deschenes O., Greenstone M. & Shapiro J. S., “Defensive investments and the demand for air quality: evidence from the NOx budget program,” American Economic Review, Vol. 107, No. 10 (2017), pp. 2958-2989. 51 Cai X., Lu Y. & Wu M. et al., “Does environmental regulation drive away inbound foreign direct investment? evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China,” Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 123 (2016), pp. 73-85. 52 范子英、彭飞: 《“营改增”的减税效应和分工效应:基于产业互联的视角》,《经济研究》2017年第2期,第 82-95页。 53 冉从敬、宋凯、赵倩蓉等: 《基于专利生态链的个人专利转化模型构建》,《数字图书馆论坛》2019年第12期,第35-42页。 54 陶锋、赵锦瑜、周浩: 《环境规制实现了绿色技术创新的“增量提质”吗——来自环保目标责任制的证据》,《中国工业经济》2021年第2期,第136-154页。 55 徐佳、崔静波: 《低碳城市和企业绿色技术创新》,《中国工业经济》2020年第12期,第178-196页。 56 李青原、肖泽华: 《异质性环境规制工具与企业绿色创新激励——来自上市企业绿色专利的证据》,《经济研究》2020年第9期,第192-208页。