Organizational ambidexterity has become a new paradigm for management research nowadays. However, extant literature indicates that organizational ambidexterity is still undertheorized and underconceptualized, and therefore, there is no agreement about its connotation and extension. By reviewing the relevant literature of organizational learning, technological innovation, organizational architecture and organizational adaption, we try to clearly define the connotation and extension of organizational ambidexterity. Based on the definition, we then build a multi-level framework of individuals, teams, organizations and inter-organizations for organizational ambidexterity, which contributes to the construction of Chinese management theories.