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对我国保险人说明义务制度的反思和重构----兼评新《保险法》第17条
吴勇敏 胡斌
A Reflection on and Reconstruction of China's Insurance System of Insurer's Explanation Obligation :Comments on Article 17 of New Insurance Law
Wu Yongmin  Hu Bin

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摘要 

我国保险人说明义务制度在实际适用的过程中屡屡被投保人滥用,成为投保人抗辩保险人合法利益的“万能事由”。在我国,该项制度的范畴仅指保险条款本身,其法理基础应是合同法对格式合同的规制原则。我国保险人说明义务制度需要重构,其基本思路是:说明对象为除“法定免责条款”之外的“权利义务条款”和“准权利义务条款”;说明方式原则上为“口头和书面”,“约定免责条款”例外;说明标准在“主动说明”时为“一般理性人理解”,而在“被动说明”时为“投保人理解”;法律后果则为“该条款不订入保险合同”。新《保险法》第17条仍需要修正,在说明对象上应排除“法定免责条款”,在说明方式上应增加对“被动说明”的法律规制,在法律后果上则应采用“不订入合同”规则。

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关键词 保险人说明义务重构说明对象说明方式说明标准法律后果    
Abstract

In the course of practice ,China's Insurance System of Insurer's Explanation Obligation is frequently abused by the insured , who tends to take it as a universally applicable tool when defending himself/herself against the insurer for interest . However , the range of this legal system is only restricted toinsurance clauses ,and its jurisprudence basis should be the restrictive principle of contract law for standard form contract .In this paper , the reconstruction of China's Insurance Systemof Insurer's Explanation Obligationis proposed .The basicideas of the proposal include the following points :the explanation targets should be″clauses of rights and obligations″and″clauses of quasi rights and obligations″rather than″legal exemption clauses″;the explanation method in principle ought to be″oral and written″,with″hold harmless clauses″a s an exception;the explanation criterion should be″the understanding of an ordinary reasonable person″on an active explanation basis , and″the understanding of the insured″on a passive explanation basis;and the legal consequence should″not be laid into the insurance contract″. Therefore , it seems that Article 17 of the new Insurance Law still needs the following amendments :″legal exemption articles″s hould be excludedin the explanation target;thelegal regulation of″passive explanation″should be included in the explanation method;and the rule of″disintegration of contract″should be adopted when the legal consequence is taken into consideration .

Key wordsinsurer's explanation obligation    reconstruction    explanation target    explanation method    explanation criterion    legal consequence   
收稿日期: 2010-01-19      出版日期: 2010-03-31
引用本文:   
吴勇敏 胡斌. 对我国保险人说明义务制度的反思和重构----兼评新《保险法》第17条[J]. 浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2010, 40(3): 88-96. Wu Yongmin Hu Bin. A Reflection on and Reconstruction of China's Insurance System of Insurer's Explanation Obligation :Comments on Article 17 of New Insurance Law. , 2010, 40(3): 88-96.
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https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/     或     https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/Y2010/V40/I3/88
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