Fu Sinian .Fu believed that modern historiography was the study of materials,thus he paid more attention to periodization,monographic studies,and the discovery and interpretation of new materials .However,Meng tended to mix history with philosophy,and classics with historiography,so he usually based his research on traditional documents instead of the new materials which he regarded only as a kind of embellishment . Both Meng and Fu explored the path of development of Chinese civilization,and both were very cautious in applying the conceptions of western social science to Chinese culture .Fu tried to study the development of Chinese culture and the evolution of Chinese ideology from a historical perspective,focusing on″Reason of History″instead of″Reason of Rationality .″Regarding cultural heritages as materials instead of thoughts,Fu believed that historiography purported to sort out historical materials rather than to support or suppress a movement or thought .Meng,on the other hand,believed that the history of China is systematic and coherent and its development was directed by a certain rationality .He thought it impossible to understand the true spirits of Chinese history and culture without the knowledge of Confucianism and classical studies .With a special focus on the preliminary stage of Chinese culture in terms of its active forces,mutual integration and exchanges,Fu tried to examine the Confucianization of Pre-Qin thoughts in Han Dynasty,especially the moralization and mystification of″Humanity″in the hope of rebuilding the rationality of Confucianism in terms of″Zizhi″(self-control) and″Gewu″(obtaining knowledge by investigation of things) as aspired by Xun Zi and Zhu Zi . On the basis of the doctrines of Confucius and Mencius,Meng tried to find the coherence of Chinese culture and to expound ″Jinwen″in terms of its revolutionary ideals and system construction . Both Fu and Meng hoped to rebuild the origin of Chinese culture and the academic tradition on the basis of the laws of historical development and″concept and entity .″With the studies of ancient China as the form,they searched for the″truth″and consequently developed different paths to understanding the development of Chinese civilization .The rise and prosperity of the theories and doctrines of China and the West have their own backgrounds,traditions and corresponding ways of system construction .The theories and systems are tested and modified by history,while the development of history is in turn influence by theories and doctrines .Our study of how the scholars of the Republic of China reconstructed the relationship of cultural doctrines and historical facts in order to reconstruct a system of Chinese civilization is based on Fu and Meng's disagreement on historiography and classical studies .We take this as the starting point to show the world the true spirit of Chinese culture in the hope that this may ultimately realize the shift of the academic mainstream from″systemizing cultural heritage with science″to ″systemizing science with cultural heritage .″